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The paper presents information about nineteen species of 5 families of scaleinsects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) known from Górki Czechowskie in Lublin (SE Poland). Data on host, biotopes, distribution, zoogeographical region are presented.
The paper presents information about the scale insects species (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) that produce honeydew in Poland. The data about the role of honeydew and honeydew acitivity are given.
In Poland, cottony camellia scale (Pulvinaria floccifera) is recognized as an invasive insect and for the last few years has presented a threat to many ornamental trees and shrubs. During the study involving Ilex aquifolium, the abundance of P. floccifera population developed during a growing season was determined and a potential threat to plants was evaluated in relation to the number of overwintering instars. Under Polish conditions P. floccifera overwinters as a second and third instar nymphs. Based on the plant monitoring, larvae and adult females of P. floccifera were found to prefer the undersides of leaves. Number of the species overwintering forms observed during the study reached the threshold suggesting plant damage in the next growing season. Owing to the abundance of particular life stages, high polyphagism of P. floccifera and the lack of the pest management program for Polish conditions, the species should be considered as a serious threat to ornamental trees and shrubs in Poland.
Of the 30 extant orders of insects, scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) have one of the best fossil records among insects that probably extends to the early Mesozoic. Most fossil Coccoidea records are of adult males which have been trapped in amber, whereas adult females are less common, probably because of their sedentary occurrence on plants. Descriptions, photos, and SEM micrographs are presented of over 250 well−preserved scale covers of adult females and nymphal stages of armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) which were found on dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous fossil leaves in Middle Eocene deposits from Germany. The structure of these fossil scale covers closely agrees with that of extant Diaspididae. These armoured scale insects belong to the subfamily Aspidiotinae. The age of this insect−plant association—47 to 44 million−year−old—indicates that the Diaspididae have a long history in the Palaearctic region.
68 species from 10 families of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccinea) were found in the Lublin Upland including 24 species previously known and 44 new for the region. This number constitutes 49.6% of the Polish coccid fauna, and now the Lublin Upland belongs to better explored regions in Poland.
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