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Hormotila ramosissima Korš., a very rare in the world and poorly known species, have been found in peat bogs of Lower Silesia. The growth stages typical of this species but unknown so far, have been described and illustrated. It was found that this species has many features in common with the representatives of Volvocales, Tetrasporales, and chlorococcales. The regularly observed zoospores and hemizoospores, which accompanied the various developmental stages of that species, showed an internal structure of Chlamydomonas-type. Studies on Hormotila ramosissima were based on live material collected in ample quantities from peat bogs. The collected in this way repeatable and abundant data allowed to discuss problems concerning morphology, reproduction and development, as well as consider the taxonomic position this species.
The paper concerns a very rare and poorly known species of green alga Chlorodiscus natans Petersen & Hansen, discovered in the peat bog "Brzeźnik" near Bolesławiec (Poland). This is the second stand so far discovered in the world. The collected material allowed complementing the knowledge on organization of colonies, morphology and way of hair development. The remaining features, particularly the structure of the cell, are in concordance with the hitherto diagnosis of that species. The paper presents problems connected with the taxonomic affiliation of the species and describes the ecological conditions of habitats occupied by this alga.
In 72 samples collected from various types of habitats of West Spitsbergen 150 algal taxa have been identified, including 100 taxa of Cyanoprokaryota, 40 of Chlorophyceae, and 10 of Xanthophyceae. Seventy-two species, mainly blue-green algae (55 taxa) are considered as new for Svalbard flora.
An account is given of the occurrence of Pediastrum (Chlorophyceae, Sphaeropleales) in five eutrophic coastal lakes (Jamno, Bukowo, Gardno, Łebsko and Sarbsko) in northern Poland, together with morphological data of the species and more detailed taxonomic and ecological information for three taxa which appear to be rare world wide. These are P. musterii, P. orientale and P. alternans; the first is recorded for the first time from central Europe. P. orientale and P. alternans show considerable morphological variability under different environmental conditions, indicating the need for further studies. The studied lakes seem to be especially favourable for Pediastrum, with a total of eight species (15 taxa) in the phytoplankton noted during the summer. However, the relative frequency of the genus in the overall algal communities was low. The most frequent species were P. boryanum, P. kawraiskyi and P. duplex and these were accompanied by cyanobacteria, coccal green algae (Chlorophyceae, Chlorococcales) and diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). All the Pediastrum taxa were documented using LM and SEM.
This study was undertaken to monitor the course of a secondary succession of phytoplankton in temporary water bodies, based on a man-made periodically drained pond. Results of phycological analyses showed, that small Chlorophyceae from the order Chlorococcales predominated qualitatively throughout the study period. Chlorophyceae, e.g. stress-resistant Haematococcus pluvialis, developed best as the first algae (after the pond was re-filled). In the next stages of diatom succession (Ulnaria ulna) predominated quantitatively, followed by the longest period of Cyanobacteria (Aphanothece elabens) predominance, replaced again by Chlorophyceae (Tetraëdron minimum and Oocystis lacustris). Total abundance of algae, similarly as that of Cyanobacteria, were positively correlated with temperature and pH of water.
Cutting across the different seasons, some of the plankters appeared to be "stenotemporal" in that they occur for shorter hours while others are "eurytemporal" in that they occur for longer hours of the day. The principal factors involved appear to be light, temperature, and food in addition to predation and genetic heterogeneity with populations, as well as genetic variation within populations.
Plankton density in the pond varied significantly with time and depth but not with site, indicating no site-specific differences. ANOVA showed the importance of temporal over spatial variation (P < 0.01). The two components were not significantly different during the rainy season, owing to the effect of cloud cover and precipitation which flushed out the plankton. Temporal variation predominated during the dry season owing to increasing variation in solar radiation and plankton abundance.Przestrzenne i czasowe zróżnicowanie w składzie planktonu stawu Mfangmfang (ryc. 1) badano dwa lata (listopad 1986 - październik 1988). Woda stawu charakteryzowała się wysoką temperaturą (27,91 ± 1,80°C ) i odczynem neutralnym. Przeźroczystość była niska w sezonie deszczowym (18,60 - 21,48 cm) z powodu dopływu osadu zawieszonego. Również niska była zawartość jonów (48,46 ± 11.85 µS cm-1) oraz alkaliczność ogólna (20,08 ± 10,03 mg dm-3 CaCO3) przy średnim natlenieniu (4,46 ± 1,58 mg dm-3), BZT5 było wysokie (5,25 ± 1,45 mg dm-3), co spowodowane było dopływem ścieków miejskich podczas gdy wartości NO3-N (69,51 ± 42,46 µg dm-3) i PO4-P (30.00 ± 25,60 µg dm-3) były najniższe w czasie sezonu suchego, gdyż zostały zużytkowane przez fitoplankton. Stwierdzono występowanie 27 rodzajów z 9 większych grup jak: Chlorophyceae (52,06%), Bacillariophyceae (30,60%), Cyanophyceae (9,20%), Dinophyceae (2,99%), Chrysophyceae (2,68%), Euglenophyceae (1,48%), Cladocera (0,60%), Copepoda (0,36%) i Rotifera (0,03%). Fitoplankton był zdominowany przez Chlorosophyceae wykazujące największe bogactwo gatunkowe (10 gatunków), zagęszczenie (x = 1860 osobn. dm-3) i różnorodność (x = 0,30), co spowodowane było eutroficznym charakterem stawu (wskaźnik 12,89). Zooplankton był mocno ograniczony (1.0%) i reprezentowany przez Cladocera, Copepoda i Rotifera (po jednym rodzaju), ze średnim zagęszczeniem 83 osobn. dm-3. Zagęszczenie planktonu było istotnie wyższe w sezonie suchym w porównaniu do sezonu deszczowego, co związane było z dostępnością światła słonecznego i nutrientów. Analiza zróżnicowania przestrzennego wykazała, że 78,0% fitoplanktonu występowało w ciągu dnia na głębokości 1-3 m, a na powierzchni (12%) (ryc. 2) .Analiza zróżnicowania czasowego pokazała, że w godzinach rannych występowały większe ilości planktonu (40,0%) niż w innych porach dnia (ryc. 3). Test ANOVA wykazał, że czasowy składnik zmienności był wyższy niż przestrzenny (P < 0,05) w porze suchej, wskutek wzrastającej zmienności promieniowania słonecznego i liczebności planktonu.
A total of 193 species were encountered, diatoms representing 61.2% of the taxa present. Others were Cyanophyta (30.1%), Chlorophyceae (4.1%), Euglenophyta (2.6%), and Dinophyceae (1.5%). The density and chlorophyll ɑ values for the high intertidal zone showed higher and wider variation than those for the mid and low intertidal zones. Nutrients were found to correlate significantly with epibenthic algal density but did not correlate with chlorophyll ɑ.
This study was conducted to investigate the influence of biochanin A (isoflavone characterised by estrogenic activity) upon the growth expressed as number of cells and the content of chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoids, reducing sugars, water-soluble proteins and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) in the unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris, as an experimental model. Biochanin A in a concentration of 10-6 M exerted the greatest biological activity, principally, on the 6th day of cultivation, whereas during the 9th day of algal culure it had weak stimulating properties. Under the influence of 10-6 M biochanin A, an increase in the number of cells to the level of 186% and the content of water-soluble proteins to 255%, reducing sugars to 505%, in comparision with the control culture (taken to be 100%), was observed. Moreover, the content of DNA was intensively stimulated in the range of 184% and RNA content reached the value 202% in regard to the control. Among the photosynthetic pigments, stimulation of the content of chlorophyll a to the level of 191%, chlorophyll b to 180% and total carotenoids to 172%, compared with the control culture of algae devoid of biochanin A, was recorded.
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