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The Chinese hamster cell mutant V-C8 is defective in the Brca2 gene (Kraakman-van der Zwet et al., 2002, Cell Biol.-, 22: 669). Here we report that V-C8 cells were 10-fold more sensitive to camptothecin, an inhibitor of topoisomerase I, than the parental V79 cells. The level of the relaxation activity of topoisomerase I in nuclear extracts was also lower (4-fold) in V-C8 than V79 cells, in spite of the fact that the level of the topoisomerase I protein was the same in these cells. The survival of V-C8 cells in the presence of camptothecin, the sensitivity of V-C8 topoisomerase I to camptothecin, and the level of the relaxation activity in V-C8 nuclear extract were almost completely restored by transfection of V-C8 cells with the murine Brca2 gene or by the transfer of human chromosome 13 providing the BRCA2 gene. These results indicate that the ob­served changes in the topoisomerase I activity in V-C8 are due to the defective func­tion of the Brca2 gene.
The membrane potential of Chinese hamster fibroblasts was determined to be (-29,9 ± 6.5) mV. Fibroblast membranes irradiated with red laser light of 670 nm were partially depolarized. This effect was observed for energy doses of 5 J and 10 J. The energy dose of 15 J did not further decrease the membrane potential. In contrast to the red light, the irradiation with green laser light (543.5 nm) did not change fibroblast membrane potential.
The mutagenic activity of captan and captafol was tested using Ames stzaiiis and strains showing an SOS response. Captafol was mutagenic in S. typhimurium strain TA102 (uvr+) and captan in strain TA104 (uvrB). Both captan and captafol elicit damages in DNA recognized by correndonuclease U, as shown by the repair teat, and induced the SOS repair system in E. coli PQ37 (uvrA) strain. Only captafol induced the SOS system in PQ35 (uvr+). The lack of induction of p-galactesidaac at nonpermissive temperature in E. coli MD332 (dnaCs uvrA) strain showed that neither chemical was able to produce DNA breaks. In V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts higher induction of c-mitosis by captafol than by captan (22% and 15% over th* control, respectively) was accompanied by a higher decrease in nonprotein sulfhydryl groups, mainly GSH (41% and 77%, respectively). The content of protein sulfhydryl groups was decreased by either fungicide to a similar extent.
The purpose of this article is to provide a concise overview of the characterization of auxotrophic mutated cells to the precursors of lipid synthesis, and of the identification of specific genes encoding enzymatic proteins involved in this process. The focus is on enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Chinese hamster ovary cells, two cell types frequently used by investigators studying the mechanisms of genetic control of metabolic processes.
The purpose of this article is to provide a concise overview of the characterization of auxotrophic mutated cells to the precursors of lipid synthesis, and of the identification of specific genes encoding enzymatic proteins involved in this process. The focus is on enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Chinese hamster ovary cells, two cell types frequently used by investigators studying the mechanisms of genetic control of metabolic processes.
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