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The article presents the diversification of agriculture efficiency of Chinese provinces in 2013 based on the Data Envelopment Analysis method. The model features the following variables: 1 effect (value of purchased agricultural products) and 5 inputs (area of agricultural land, number of people employed in agriculture, use of fertilizers, number of tractors, livestock). This article presents the use of input-oriented CCR and BCC model, to determine overall technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of agriculture in Chinese provinces. The analysis gives the possibility of creating a ranking of provinces. The highest agriculture efficiency during the period was achieved by 7 provinces (in CCR model) and 16 provinces (in BCC model). The results point out reasons for inefficiency and provide directions of improvement for inefficient Decision Making Units.
The species of the genus Poecilosomella Duda, 1925 from continental China are reviewed. Six species are now known to occur in continental China. Two species, Poecilosomella biseta sp. nov. and Poecilosomella guangdongensis sp. nov., are described as new to science. A key is presented to separate these species.
This paper analyzed body weights of the Cape hare Lepus capensis Linnaeus, 1758 in northern China during 1990-1993. Body weight of the hares increased faster in the first five months of life. The juveniles with the same eye lens weight weighed less in spring-summer than in autumn, in the southern region than in the northern. The overwintering females increased weight with reproduction, the older of which gained more, In autumn-winter, body weights of adult females and males in the whole study region were 2.29 ± 0.05 and 2.11 ± 0.06 kg respectively. Body weight of the over­wintering hares varied seasonally. At the beginning of the breeding season female was the lightest while male the heaviest, and then female became heavier and male lighter. Regardless of age, area and season, females were usually heavier than males.
Two new species of the genus Hymenaphorura are described from the Maoershan National Forest Park, northeast China: H. maoerensis sp. nov. and H. minuta sp. nov. The former seems to be especially similar to H. granulata, H. sensitiva, H. superba and H. nearctica, but differs by a combination of the following characters: 1 submedial chaeta on Th. I tergum, second external papilla in AIIIO simple, inner tooth on unguis absent, chaeta C3 of proximal whorl of tibiotarsi absent, chaetae p2 and p3 on Abd. I—III of roughly subequal in length while S-chaeta weakly developed. H. minuta sp. nov. belongs to a group of species showing 9 chaetae in the distal whorl of the tibiotarsi, but it can easily be distinguished from the other members of the group by the dorsal pso formula.
In this paper, chemometric approaches based on cluster analysis, classical and robust principal component analysis were employed to identify water quality in Daya Bay (DYB), China. The results show that these approaches divided water quality in DYB into two groups: stations S3, S8, S10 and S11 belong to cluster A, which lie in Dapeng Cove, Aotou Harbor and the north-eastern part of DYB, where water quality is related mainly to anthropogenic activities. The other stations belong to cluster B, which lie in the southern, central and eastern parts of DYB, where the quality is related mainly to water exchange with the South China Sea. Cluster analysis yields good results as a first exploratory method for evaluating spatial difference, but it fails to demonstrate the relationship between variables and environmental quality on the one hand and the untreated data on the other. However, with the aid of suitable chemometric approaches, the relationship between samples or variables can be investigated. Classical and robust principal component analysis can provide a visual aid for identifying the water environment in DYB, and then extracting specific information about relationships between variables and spatial variation trends in water quality.
Species of the genus Nesolotis Miyatake (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Sticholotidinae) endemic to China are reviewed, and the genus is removed from synonymy of Sticholotis Crotch. The following eight species are described as new to science: N. magnipunctata Wang et Ren, sp. nov., N. gladiiformis Wang et Ren, sp. nov., N. denticulata Wang et Ren, sp. nov., N. nigra Wang et Ren, sp. nov., N. centralis Wang et Ren, sp. nov., N. quadratimaculata Wang et Ren, sp. nov., N. cordiformis Wang, Ren et Chen, sp. nov. and N. daweishanensis Wang, Ren et Chen, sp. nov. A diagnosis of the genus and a key to known species from China are also provided.
Paeonia ostii is known for its excellent medicinal values as Chinese traditional plant. To date, the diversity of culturable endophytes associated with P. ostii is in its initial phase of exploration. In this study, 56 endophytic bacteria and 51 endophytic fungi were isolated from P. ostii roots in China. Subsequent characterization of 56 bacterial strains by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis revealed that nine families and 13 different genera were represented. All the fungal strains were classed into six families and 12 genera based on ITS gene sequence. The biosynthetic potential of all the endophytes was further investigated by the detection of putative polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes. The PCR screens were successful in targeting thirteen bacterial PKS, five bacterial NRPS, ten fungal PKS and nine fungal NRPS gene fragments. Bioinformatic analysis of these detected endophyte gene fragments facilitated inference of the potential bioactivity of endophyte bioactive products, suggesting that the isolated endophytes are capable of producing a plethora of secondary metabolites. These results suggest that endophytes isolated from P. ostii had abundant population diversity and biosynthetic potential, which further proved that endophytes are valuable reservoirs of novel bioactive compounds.
Leaf carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) of both vascular and non-vascular plants were investigated in order to assess their variability along an altitude gradient (414, 620, 850, 1086, 1286 and 1462 m) from a subtropical monsoon forest located at Mt. Tianmu Reserve, eastern China. Leaf δ¹³C values of all plant species ranged from -34.4 to -26.6‰, with an average of -29.8‰. There is no significant difference in leaf δ¹³C between vascular plants and mosses, however, trees had significantly higher δ¹³C values than herbs. For pooled data, leaf δ¹³C was positively correlated with altitude. Leaf δ¹³C was significantly and negatively correlated with annual mean temperature and atmospheric pressure, while it was significantly and positively correlated with soil water content. Furthermore, there was no relationship between leaf δ¹³C and soil nitrogen content or soil phosphorus content. The altitudinal trend in leaf δ¹³C is the consequence of the interaction between temperature, atmospheric pressure and soil water content.
The genus Malaxa Melichar, 1914 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae: Tropidocephalini) feeding exclusively on bamboo (Bambusoideae), containing 4 species: M. delicata Ding et Yang, 1986 (Guizhou: Guiyang; Yunnan: Mongban; Zhejing: Hangzhou; Fujian: Huangkeng), M. hunanensis Chen sp. nov. (Hunan: Zhangjiajie), M. fusca Yang et Yang, 1986 (Taiwan: Nantou) and M. semifusca Yang et Yang, 1986 (Taiwan: Nantou; Hualian; Guizhou: Daozhen) from China is here reviewed. The male of M. fusca Yang et Yang, collected from Nantou County of Taiwan, is reported and described for the first time. The main morphological characters and male genitalia of 4 species are described and illustrated. A key to species in the genus from China is provided.
Humerus medogicus gen. nov. and sp. nov. from Medog of Xizang, China is described and illustrated. Placement of this genus within the subfamily Lycoperdininae is discussed. Key to the genera of Amphisternus-group of Lycoperdininae is provided based on the key of Tomaszewska (2005).
A new genus of the tribe Asclerini, Asclernacerdes gen. nov. and its type- species Asdernacerdes akiyamai sp. nov. from China: Guangdong province are described and illustrated.
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