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The aim of this study was to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria from sterns of Chelidonium mqjus L. (greater celandine) and to evaluate their antifungal properties. In total, 34 bacterial endophyte strains were isolated. The fungistatic effects of these bacteria on the growth of five moulds (Alternaría altérnala, Chaetonium sp., Paecilomyces variotti, Byssochlamys fitlva, Aureobasidium pullulans) and one species of black yeast (Exophiala mesophila) were tested. The majority of the bacterial isolates were found to inhibit the growth of fungi and those with the strongest antifungal properties were further characterized. Of the twelve isolates examined, 11 were species of Bacillus thuringiensis and one was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
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Chromoplast biogenesis in Chelidonium majus petals

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The differentiation of chromoplasts, with special emphasis on the formation and the organisation of chromoplast fibrils, was followed in the petals of the greater celandine, Chelidonium majus L. Electron microscopic observations showed that, in the epidermis, differentiation of chromoplasts started from leucoplasts, while mesophyll chromoplasts originated from chloroplasts. During petal maturation, fibrils accumulated in the plastids, often arranging in a parallel fashion to form compact birefringent bundles. Immediately before flower opening, these fibrillar bundles started to disorganise, and, at anthesis, most chromoplasts contained widely spaced fibrils which were irregularly dispersed through the plastid interior. During chromoplast differentiation, fibrils were commonly observed to protrude from plastoglobules, suggesting the possible site of their formation. Western analysis indicated that a protein antigenically related to fibrillin from pepper chromoplasts participates in the constitution of fibrils in Chelidonium petals.
Badano wpływ ostrego i 10-dniowego podawania ip alkaloidów protopinowych: allokryptopiny protopiny na aktywność aminotransferaz ALT i AST, a także oznaczano poziom a-fetoproteiny (AFP) oraz ß2-mikroglobuliny w surowicy krwi szczurów. Stwierdzono, że protopina zastosowana szczurom jednorazowo zwiększała, bądź zmniejszała aktywność AST. Protopina podawana przez 10 dni istotnie zwiększała, aktywność AST i pozostawała bez wpływu na aktywność ALT. Allokryptopina podana jednorazowo w dawce 0,1 LD50 istotnie zmniejszała, natomiast podawana przez 10 dni pozostawała bez wpływu na aktywność obu aminotransferaz. Oba badane alkaloidy nie wpływały na poziom AFP i ß2-mikroglobuliny.
A simple and rapid procedure for identification and determination of extracellular saccha- rase is described, using a culture medium of Chelidonium majus L. (celandine) cell suspen­sion cultures. Sucrose was used as a substrate for determination of the extracellular and intracellular activities of the studied enzyme. The culture medium (without cells) was used for identification and determination of extracellular enzyme activity. Intracellular activity was estimated using cell suspension.
The content of alkaloids and flavonoids and the yield of herb were analyzed in greater celandine cultivar ‘Cynober’ during six following phases: spring rosette formation, the beginning of flowering, full bloom, green fruit, seed harvest, fall rosette formation. Yield of celandine herb was different at the investigated phases and in years of cultivation. The highest yield of herb was observed at the beginning of flowering, then a decrease was noticed, up to the phase of seed harvest, when the yield grown up. The lowest yield of celandine herb was obtained in last phase – fall rosette formation, except 2011 when the lowest yield was in spring rosette formation. The average content of alkaloids was the highest in phase of green fruit (1.097%), while in 2012, the highest content was reached in phase of fall rosette formation – 1.200%. The lowest content of alkaloids was obtained in herb of the beginning of flowering (0.608%) in both years. The mean content of flavonoids was from 0.310% (the beginning of flowering) to 0.522% (seed harvest) and was the same in both years. The stable high content of total alkaloids and flavonoids and individual alkaloids was noticed in phase of fall rosette. Our results suggest that seed maturity is the best time for celandine herb harvest regarding the herb yield and content of alkaloids and flavonoids.
Modern medicine, as well as the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries appreciate the value of plant raw materials for their antiseptic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and soothing effects. Medicinal plants, often found endemically, are often treated as potential sources of new substances with antimicrobial and antifungal activity. The aim of this study was to analyze the significance of selected medicinal and spice plants in terms of their ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, including those pathogenic to humans. The significance of active substances contained in selected plant species with high antimicrobial potential including Aloe vera L. and Chelidonium majus L. was described. The antimicrobial activity of plant oils, including those extracted from citrus and spice plants, was also analyzed. Plants are a rich source of many substances with a broad spectrum of activity. This knowledge has often been used in folk medicine, but it was not until the development of modern research methods that the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic properties of many plant substances and their proper use could be understood. New substances present in plant materials are constantly being discovered that may be of medical interest because of their great potential to be used against microorganisms or because of their antioxidant and anti-cancer properties.
W pracy badano efekty ostrego i 10-dniowego podawania ip alkaloidów benzofenantrydynowych, tj. chelidoniny i sangwinaryny na aktywność aminotransferaz (ALT i AST) oraz oznaczano poziom a-fetoproteiny (AFP) i ß2-mikroglobuliny w surowicy krwi szczurów. Wykazano, że ostre, bądź 10-dniowe podanie chelidoniny nie wpływało na aktywność obu badanych aminotransferaz. Sangwinaryna podana w dawce 0,1 LD50 jednorazowo nie zmieniała aktywności ALT, ale istotnie zmniejszała aktywność AST. Natomiast zastosowana przez 10 dni istotnie zwiększała aktywność AST we wszystkich stosowanych dawkach. Uzyskane podwyższenie aktywności aminotransferaz w surowicy krwi szczurów poddanych działaniu sangwinaryny może sugerować hepatotoksyczne działanie tego alkaloidu. Oba badane alkaloidy zarówno po jednorazowym, jak też 10-dniowym podaniu, nie wpływały na poziom AFP i ß2-mikroglobuliny w surowicy krwi szczurów.
The present study investigated the effects of single (lx) administration and a 10-day treatment with chelidonine (50 and 100 mg/kg i.p.) or drug Ukrain (7 and 14 mg/kg i.p.) on the ß2-microglobulin concentration in the serum of acute or subacute lead-poisoned rats (30 mg/kg i.p.). Both acute and subacute lead-intoxication significantly enhanced ß2- microglobulin concentration in the rats serum in comparison to the control groups. In acute poisoning only chelidonine (100 mg/kg i.p.) significantly decreased ß2-microgIo- bulin concentration in the rat serum. In subacute lead intoxication, 10-day treatment with chelidonine (50 mg/kg i.p.) or Ukrain (14 mg/kg i.p.) significantly decreased ß2- microglobulin in the serum of rats. Both chelidonine as well as Ukrain decreased nefrotoxicity induced by lead acetate. These investigations are to be continued.
It has been recently recognized that lectins exhibit other activities besides hemagglutination. Previously we have found that purified lectin from Chelidonium majus showed DNase activity (Fik, Gozdzicka-Jozefiak & Kedzia, 1995, Herba Polon. 41, 84-95). Comparison of lectin and DNase from the sap from leaves and roots of Chelidonium majus proved that both these compounds are composed of 24kDa monomer subunits which have an identical N-terminal sequence but differ in amino-acid composition and degree of glycosylation. Possible interrelationship between lectin and DNase is discussed.
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