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Long-lived clonal plants provide an optimal place for the natural storage of seeds as a ‘non-soil seed bank’. We tested the hypothesis that the size and species diversity of a non-soil seed bank deposited within the clonal plant Carex cespitosa depends mainly on the plant's size. To verify this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted on an unmown meadow in the Białowieża National Park. The emerging seedlings of different species originating from C. cespitosa tussocks of different size (large and small) were observed under greenhouse conditions for four years. The size of a non-soil seed bank was evaluated based on the number of seedlings. Significant differences in the seedling number were found between large and small sedge tussocks (Mann-Whitney test Z = 3.96, P < 0.001). However, the number of recorded species was independent of tussock size. Both types of tussocks were dominated by meadow, forest and swamp species (in decreasing order). Some of these species are no longer present in the studied area, or their occurrence is limited to small groups at the meadow's edges. A non-soil seed bank within the tussock cores of C. cespitosamay be, similar to a soil seed bank, a tool for studying the changes occurring in plant communities.
The paper presents results of a study on the response of species growing in experimental gaps in the patches dominated by Carex acutiformis, C. cespitosa and Salix cinerea. The study was performed in a meadow area subjected to the process of succession in the Reski Range in the Białowieski National Park. Four patterns of seedlings recruitment in the experimental gaps were distinguished: pattern I - great number of seedlings with high richness of species, pattern II - great number of seedlings with low richness of species, pattern III - low number of seedlings with great richness of species and pattern IV - low number of seedlings with low richness of species.
The populations of 11 rare species of vascular plants of were found in meadow and psammophilous grasslands communities on the territory of Wildlife and Landscape Protection Area „Morasko" in Poznań. All noted species are also known as taxa endangered by extinction on the territory of the town. 1 of them - Carex arenaria - has here its only locality in Poznań. 9 others taxa (Trollius europaeus, Tetraionolobus maritimus, Achillea salicifolia, Serratula tinctoria, Scirpus maritimus, Carex cespitsa, Carex elata, Carex otrubae and Carex vesicaria) represent the category of badly vulnerable species. The last one - Achillea ptarmica - is being classified as potentially endangered species. The presence of numerous populations of rare taxa on the territory being a part of the large town makes this area very valuable as a site of protection of biodiversity.
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