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Two males of a camallanid nematode belonging to the genus Zeylanema were obtained from the intestine of Channa (Ophiocephalus) punctatus Bloch. The specimens do not agree with the description of known species of the genus Zeylanema, hence a new species Zeylanema chiralensis has been established to describe these nematodes. The new species is distinguished by body size, location of the nerve ring, length of oesophagus, number of longitudinal ridges and size of spicules.
Nematode specimens of two Procamallanus species, P. (Procamallanus) planoratus Kulkarni, 1935 and P. (Spirocamallanus) guttatusi (Andrade-Salas, Pineda-López et García-Magaña, 1994), were collected from broadhead catfish Clarias macrocephalus (Clariidae, Siluriformes) and orange-spotted spinefoot Siganus guttatus (Siganidae, Perciformes), respectively, from the Philippines. Their examination, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that was used for the first time in these species, made it possible to obtain new data on their morphology, to elucidate their systematic status, and to redescribe them. Procamallanus clarius Ali, 1957 and P. heteropneustus Ali, 1957 are considered junior synonyms of P. planoratus. Heavy P. guttatusi infections found in Siganus guttatus reared in Fish Hatchery of SEAFDEC AQD in Tigbauan, Iloilo indicate that this parasite may have negative implications on the health condition of fish in culture.
While investigating the nematode parasites of commercial fish caught off the coast of Madeira Island (Atlantic Ocean, Portugal), we collected five specimens of Oncophora melanocephala (Rudolphi, 1819) (Nematoda, Camallanidae) infecting the chub mackerel Scomber japonicus Houttuyn. This is the first record of O. melanocephala from chub mackerel and a new geographic record. Four additional larval specimens with developing buccal capsules were found in the chub mackerel examined.
Two new species of Camallanus are described from Australian freshwater turtles. Camallanus beveridgei sp. nov. is reported from Elseya dentata in Northern Territory. It differs from other species of the genus parasitic in turtles by several characters including the shape of the median ridge in the buccal capsule and the position of the anterior pair of caudal papillae in males. Camallanus sprenti sp. nov. is reported from Elseya latisternum (type host) and Emydura krefftii in northern Queensland. It is closely related to Camallanus tuckeri, and differs from the latter species in possessing a shorter oesophagus. We summarize data on morphology, distribution and specificity of 5 known Camallanus spp. from Australian turtles and provide a key for their identification. Sequence comparison of more than 500 base pairs at the 5′ end of the nuclear 28S rDNA gene confirms the status of C. sprenti and C. beveridgei as new species. Camallanus sprenti differs from the other 4 species of Camallanus from Australian turtles by 16–59 bases (3.1–11.5%) while C. beveridgei differed from the other 4 species by 23–60 bases (4.5–11.6%). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates close interrelationships among C. tuckeri, C. sprenti and C. beveridgei, the three species with most similar buccal capsules.
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