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Calodium hepaticum (Bancroft, 1893) Moravec, 1982 - capillaria with an atypical life cycle. Calodium hepaticum (Bancroft, 1893) - commonly known as Capillaria hepatica is a nematode parasitising in liver of rodents, some domestic and wild mammals: Insectivora, Carnivora, Artiodactyla and Primates including human as well. C. hepaticum is the only nematode – geohelminth, which for the continuity of the life cycle needs the death of the host being the intermediate and final host at the same time. The eggs of the parasite deposited by female worms in liver of the host became entrapped in fibrotic tissue. C. hepaticum is a cosmopolitic nematode. Rats and mice (domestic and field) are the main hosts of this parasite, the prevalence of infection can be very high e.g. Rattus norvegicus - 100% in the Baltimore Zoo (Farhang-Azad 1977) as well as from the urban area of Milan (ltaly) - the prevalence of infection was 36% (Ceruti et al. 2001). Hepatic capillariasis was not recorded in our country but its existence seems to be very probable.
Aonchotheca annulosa and Eucoleus bacillatus are two capillariin nematodes parasitizing the intestinal and stomach mucosa, respectively, of various rodent species, and two, among others, component species of the helminth fauna of the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus. A capillariin each was found in the liver parenchyma of two wood mice in a post-fire regeneration enclave in Serra Calderona Natural Park (Valencian Community, Spain). Due to their location, the preliminary identification of the helminths corresponded to Calodium hepaticum, a hepatic capillariin with rodents as its main host. So far, this species had never been found in Serra Calderona. To verify the preliminary identification, a comparative morphometric study between the specimens from Serra Calderona and a preserved individual of C. hepaticum from another enclave was carried out. Morphometric analysis revealed that the adult helminth as well as the eggs found in the liver of the first mouse belonged to A. annulosa, whereas the second one was identified as a male E. bacillatus. Moreover, the liver from both hosts showed a visible pathology, being the consequence of aberrant migration of the parasites. This is the first evidence that A. annulosa and E. bacillatus may migrate erratically and thus produce ectopic foci in other organs.
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