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The level of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, nitrates (NO₃⁻) and nitrites (NO₂⁻) was measured in the leaves of kale of the cultivars Winterbor F₁, Redbor F₁ and Średnio Wysoki Zielony Kędzierzawy. The investigation was carried out in two successive years, the raw material being harvested three times each year, i.e. 10, 14 and 18 weeks after planting seedlings in the field. Depending on the year of the investigation, the cultivar and the date of harvest, the content found in 100 g fresh matter of kale was: 0.54-0.74 g total nitrogen and 0.46-0.50 g protein nitrogen; in 1000 g the content of nitrates (NO₃⁻) was 248-2810 mg and of nitrites (NO₂⁻) 0.14-0.95 mg. In both years the highest content of total nitrogen was found in leaves of Średnio Wysoki Zielony Kędzierzawy and of protein nitrogen in Winterbor F₁. The cultivar Redbor F₁ was characterized by the highest content of nitrates and nitrites. Comparing material from the three harvest dates, average values for the year and cultivar showed that the second harvest contained 9% more total nitrogen and 4% more protein nitrogen than the first, while the third harvest contained, respectively, 17% and 8% more than the first. Nitrate content fell by 67% and 83%, respectively, and nitrite increased by 5% (but later was reduced by 46%). Nitrate and nitrite are regulated in spinach and lettuce and for this reason understanding the accumulation of these compounds is critical if regulations are developed for kale.
The experiments on celery, curly kale and lettuce reported in this paper were carried out in a greenhouse, with plants grown in 2 dm3 pots filled with peat substrate. The trials were established in a completely randomized design. The aim was to determine the effect of increasing nitrogen doses (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 g N dm-3 of substrate) on N-tot., NO3-N, concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu as well as ratios between these elements in three vegetable species such as curly kale, lettuce, and celery, distinguished by different degrees of sensitivity to salinity. An increase in the content of total nitrogen and NO3-N in lettuce, curly kale and celery appeared to be parallel to the increasing doses of nitrogen, while the average total nitrogen content was similar in all the tested species, and the content of N-NO3 in kale was about five-fold lower than in lettuce and celery. The level of nitrogen fertilization influenced the content of potassium and magnesium in lettuce as well as the content of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in celery. The nitrogen doses significantly differentiated proportions between the nutrients in plants, mostly the K:Mg and Zn:Cu ratios. The increasing doses of nitrogen modified the content of microelements and proportions between various components in the tested plant species.
Brassicas are one of the main types of vegetable cultivated in Poland, examples of which are white cabbage, red cabbage, Savoy cabbage, Nappa cabbage, 1 Brussels sprouts, broccoli and cauliflower. Of these, white cabbage is the most i important in terms of the area under cultivation and level of consumption; Poland also ranks as a leading European producer of this species. Kale, a Brassica vegetable little appreciated in Poland, is usually treated as a decorative plant and 1 its curly leaves are primarily used to decorate dishes. This paper deals with the origin, morphological characteristics, cultivation conditions and current trends in the use of kale, in the kitchen as well as in the food industry.
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