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1

Nest box use for winter roosting within a flock of tits

100%
Typiak J. A., Typiak M. J., Mazgajski T. D.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2019
|
tom 67
|
nr 2
2

Morphology reveals the unexpected cryptic diversity in Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schrank, 1803) infested Cyanistes caeruleus Linnaeus, 1758 nest boxes

84%
Pawelczyk O., Postawa T., Blaski M., Solarz K.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2020
|
tom 65
|
nr 4
3

Speed of autumn migration of the Blue Tit [Parus caeruleus] along the Eastern and Southern Baltic coast

84%
Nowakowski J. K., Chrusciel J.
The Ring
|
2004
|
tom 26
|
nr 1
4

Habitat and annual variation in arthropod abundance affects Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus reproduction

67%
Marciniak B., Nadolski J., Nowakowska M., Loga B., Banbura J.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2007
|
tom 42
|
nr 1
53-62
5

Hatching asynchrony and brood reduction in Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus may be a plastic response to local oak Quercus robur bud burst and caterpillar emergence

67%
Stenning M. J.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2008
|
tom 43
|
nr 1
97-106
Blue Tits exhibit extreme variation in clutch size and hatching asynchrony, which is the focus of this study. This paper reports an in-depth study of breeding Blue Tits showing that variation in Blue Tit hatching asynchrony can be explained by a number of phenological variables including particularly, date of bud burst in the local oak tree, which signals caterpillar emergence (34%), also date of first egg (14%) and female weight (8%). Hatching asynchrony explained 9% of the variation in brood mortality in this southern English population. Early incubation relative to clutch completion (incubation asynchrony) in Blue Tits explained 85% of the variation in hatching asynchrony, differs between years and advanced hatching in early and fledging in late laid eggs. Consequently, because fledging is usually synchronous, hatching asynchrony shortens the total time spent in the nest and explained 28% of the variation in nesting time from clutch completion to fledging. I present experimental evidence that brood reduction resulting from hatching asynchrony may be particularly adaptive towards the end of the breeding season, with 91% of the variation in the productivity of asynchronously-hatched broods being explained by, and increased with, date of hatching. About one fifth of birds delayed daytime incubation until after clutch completion, probably in wait for caterpillars to appear. Although the delay period was variable and extended total nesting time it always resulted in synchronous hatching. I propose that Blue Tits may have evolved plastic responses to environmental cues such as oak bud burst, which causes them to incubate at the optimum time to ensure maximum fledging success and chick fitness.
6

The weight of female-built nests correlates with female but not male quality in the Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus

67%
Mainwaring M. C., Benskin C.McW.H., Hartley I. R.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2008
|
tom 43
|
nr 1
43-48
Among bird species where only one parent constructs the nest, the "sexual display hypothesis" predicts that building behaviour and the structure of the completed nest is a post-pairing, sexually selected signal that informs the non-builder of her/his partner's quality and/or willingness to invest in reproduction. Moreover, the "differential allocation hypothesis" predicts that an individual's investment in parental behaviours, such as nest building, will vary in relation to the partner's quality. These hypotheses were examined in the socially monogamous, hole-breeding Blue Tit, a species in which the female alone builds nests. Parental quality was quantified by recording body size, feather mite load and age. The weight of nests was found to correlate positively with female head-bill length and feather mite load, but not with any indicators of male quality. This result is in accordance with the "sexual display" hypothesis, and demonstrates that nest size could be a form of intra-specific communication that helps inform the non-building partner of the builder's reproductive quality.
7

Effects of brood size manipulation on physiological condition of nestling Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus

67%
Banbura J., Skwarska J., Kalinski A., Wawrzyniak J., Slomczynski R., Banbura M., Zielinski P.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2008
|
tom 43
|
nr 2
129-138
Producing high quality offspring of good physiological performance, able to survive to independence and, then, to reproductive maturity is a major component of life history strategies. The ability of nestling altricial birds to develop a good physiological condition depends to a large extent on the amount and quality of food provided by parents, as well as other aspects of parental care. We hypothesized that experimental changes to the original brood size should affect both parental Blue Tits and their offspring, resulting in corresponding changes in the body condition of the nestlings. Over two breeding seasons, using two habitat sites, we conducted an experiment with two manipulative treatments applied to broods of three-day-old nestlings — the reduction or enlargement of broods by three nestlings, and one non-manipulative control treatment. Our aim was to test whether the experiment would affect a number of different measures of nestling condition: blood concentrations of hemoglobin and glucose, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and morphometric condition index, all being analyzed when the nestlings were 13 days old. We found no effect in the case of hemoglobin, despite the fact that it had previously been shown to be sensitive to large-scale differences in trophic conditions between habitats and years and to the experimental removal of nest parasites. All the remaining variables, i.e. heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, glucose concentration and morphometric condition index, responded to the experimental treatments, showing different but reasonable patterns of variation. We suggest that an experimental increase in brood size definitely hinders the development of nestling physiological condition, but even an experimental reduction of broods can affect some physiological indicators (glucose), probably because of readjustments in the feeding rate.
8

Effects of Protocalliphora parasites on nestling food composition in Corsican Blue Tits Parus caeruleus: consequences for nestling performance

67%
Banbura J., Perret P., Blondel J., Thomas D. W., Cartan-Son M., Lambrechts M. M.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2004
|
tom 39
|
nr 2
The influence of a parasite (larvae of Protocalliphora, Diptera: Calliphoridae) on an avian host (Blue Tit) was studied in 1994-1997 as part of a long-term research project on a population of Blue Tits inhabiting nest boxes on the island of Corsica. The Blue Tit broods were heavily infested with Protocalliphora larvae. The abundance of caterpillars as a key food type for the tits was monitored. A random sample of 16 nests was experimentally subjected to an anti-parasite heat treatment, which resulted in a marked decline in the numbers of Protocalliphora larvae. Untreated nests, with high numbers of parasites, were regarded as control nests. Under the anti-parasite treatment, Blue Tit nestlings were fed less frequently than the control nestlings (8 v. 11 food items per hour per nestling). Significant changes in the diet composition occurred, with parasite-free nestlings being consistently fed with fewer caterpillars. An average parasitised nestling was supplied by its parents with 2.6 caterpillars more than an average parasite-free chick. This suggests that in the highly parasitised control nests, the parent tits made an effort to compensate for the detrimental effects caused by Protocalliphora larvae. Feeding rate and food composition were shown to influence chick condition and survival in the nest. In spite of these facts, the nestlings in parasitised nests developed less rapidly and had lower survival rates than in the anti-parasitically heat-treated nests. The parasitic Protocalliphora larvae have a double effect on their avian host: they adversely affect nestling performance, and they compel adult tits to work harder in order to at least partially compensate for that influence.
9

Egg size variation in Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Great Tits Parus major in relation to habitat differences in snail abundance

67%
Banbura M., Sulikowska-Drozd A., Kalinski A., Skwarska J., Wawrzyniak J., Kruk A., Zielinski P., Banbura J.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2010
|
tom 45
|
nr 2
10

Coal Tits Periparus ater build larger nests than Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Great Tits Parus major living in the same Mediterranean coniferous woodland habitat

67%
Lambrechts M. M., Haurez J., Bodineau G., Gagliardi G., Maistre M., Perret P., Pihan P., Wilhelm B., Wilhelm J., Bernard C., Blondel J.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2016
|
tom 51
|
nr 1
The size and shape of the nest are species-specific characteristics that are often associated with environmental factors at the time of breeding. Nests are expected to be larger or thicker in colder environments, although the relationships between nest design and weather differ between species. Here we present the results of an analysis of the external height of the nest wall in Paridae that accepted small standardized nesting boxes for breeding. The study populations were monitored in a relatively cold Mediterranean study area. We found that Coal Tits Periparus ater built higher external nest walls than Great Tits Parus major or Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus, after controlling for the first-egg date and clutch size which are assumed to reflect aspects of the quality of the nest builders. Our measures of nest size were not closely associated with the average ambient temperature, but nest walls tended to be shallower when there was more rain. Nest-shape asymmetry, as reflected in the difference in the external height of the nest measured closest to and farthest from the nest-chamber entrance, was observed in all three species, but the average asymmetry was highest in Coal Tits. In asymmetric nests, more nest material was added to the side that was closest to the front wall considered to be the coldest and least protected against harsh weather. Thus, nest size characteristics differ between three ecologically similar species inhabiting the same cavity type in the same coniferous woodland habitat, which would imply that different species do not respond in the same way to the same set of environmental factors.
11

Faecal analysis as a method of nestling diet determination in insectivorous birds: a case study in Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Great Tits Parus major

67%
Michalski M., Nadolski J., Marciniak B., Loga B., Banbura J.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2011
|
tom 46
|
nr 2
Insectivorous birds have very diversified diet, but particular species usually show some specialisation, which leads to a varying level of dependence on special prey. Their reproductive cycles are dependent on the availability of appropriate arthropods; in the case of Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Great Tits Parus major reproduction is usually coordinated with the availability of caterpillars as the key food for nestlings. Therefore a picture of nestling diet, with some estimates of the actual frequency of caterpillars and alternative prey, is an important component of explanations of aspects of Tit life-histories. As in most cases a rough assessment of diet composition and relative proportions of prey items is satisfactory, we suggest that faecal analysis is a feasible method to get such a picture. Droppings may be collected to examine the diet of individual nestlings grouped in broods, at a particular age stage or at many stages reflecting development. The most time-consuming part of this method includes segregation and identification of prey remains in the laboratory. We draw attention to the procedures and the most diagnostically useful features of arthropod prey of Tits. Especially, we provide clues to identification of the remains of different arthropods. As an example, clypeus proved to be the most valuable structure to identify caterpillars, while chelicerae were the most diagnostically significant in Arachnids. Exemplary results on diet spectrum for the Blue Tit and Great Tit are also presented. Faecal analysis is fast and effortless at the sampling stage, with almost all effort being postponed to the stage of laboratory work.
12

Long-term changes in population density of nest-box breeding Great Tits and Blue Tits in two contrasting habitats in Central Poland

67%
Gladalski M., Wawrzyniak J., Banbura M., Kalinski A., Markowski M., Skwarska J., Zielinski P., Banbura J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2016
|
tom 64
|
nr 3
Urbanization affects the ecological and behavioral traits of various species of animals, including birds.We present results concerning long-term fluctuations in breeding densities of nest-box populations of the Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus and the Great Tit Parus major in two, structurally and floristically contrasting types of habitat (an urban parkland and a rich deciduous forest) located 10 km apart, in central Poland. This study was conducted in 1999–2012 in the parkland site and in 2002–2012 in the forest site. We found a strong correlation of year-to-year changes in breeding densities of Great Tits between the parkland site and the forest site and a lack of such a correlation in Blue Tits. Breeding densities of Great Tits were much higher in the parkland than in the forest area every year during the study period. Annual changes in breeding densities were not correlated between the species studied. The North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO-winter index) tended to influence the density dynamics of the two bird species in the forest area but not in the parkland area.
13

Breeding performance of Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus ultramarinus in relation to habitat richness of oak forest patches in north-eastern Algeria

67%
Ziane N., Chabi Y., Lambrechts M. M.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2006
|
tom 41
|
nr 2
14

Observer error in measurements of nestling wing length in small passerines

67%
Kania W.
The Ring
|
2004
|
tom 26
|
nr 2
15

The abundance and suitability of tree cavities and their impact on hole-nesting bird populations in beech forests of NE Iberian Peninsula

59%
Comprodon J., Salvanya J., Soler-Zurita J.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2008
|
tom 43
|
nr 1
17-31
The availability and suitability of tree cavities for hole-nesting birds were surveyed in three beech wood types (mature, cleared and coppice forests) in the North east of the Iberian Peninsula. We sampled the occupation of cavities and the abundance of hole-nesting birds. We also tested experimentally with tit nest boxes whether the lack of suitable nest-holes may limit the abundance of secondary cavity-nesters. We surveyed hole-nesting birds before and after nest box provision. Trunk and branch cavities (25.9%) were significantly more abundant in mature woods, and are correlated with the density of secondary occupants. Stump and root cavities (74.1%) were more abundant in coppice forests. Shortage of big diameter's (> 45 cm DBH) and good bearing trees explained the lack of cavities in managed forests. Only small proportion of available cavities was used by birds (5.5%). All occupied cavities were placed in trunk (5.5%) and presented smaller diameter entrances than the whole availability of cavities. Nest boxes occupation rate was higher in the plots where suitable nest holes were scarce (managed woods), and consequently it brought an increase on both Great Tit and Blue Tit populations. These two species populations were favoured from the next breeding season after the provision of nest boxes, but not in mature stands nor in control sites (with no nest boxes). Therefore, results show that suitability of cavities rather than availability determines secondary hole-nesting bird abundance in managed forests.
16

Nestling food of European hole-nesting passerines: do we know enough to test the adaptive hypotheses on breeding seasons?

43%
Cholewa M., Wesolowski T.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2011
|
tom 46
|
nr 2
Hole-nesting passerines constitute a 'model' group for which importance of synchronisation between food availability — mainly caterpillars — and appearance of nestlings is commonly postulated. Is there an adequate set of data allowing one to prove this relationship? The recent climate change could lead to a mis-match between food peaks and nestlings' appearance. Do the data exist that show that the birds have switched to other food sources? We analyse data on nestling food of eleven European hole-nesting passerines (158 papers). The diet of some species is hardly known (< 100 broods observed), there are large gaps in geographical coverage (70% of data from five countries — Germany, Russia, Slovakia/Czech Republic, Poland and Great Britain) and most of studies do not meet the minimum requirement of representativeness (three seasons, > 20 broods/season), which limits their external validity. The majority of investigations were done decades ago, in different conditions and most probably they cannot be treated as representative for the current situation. There is no study in which the past (before warming) and current nestling diet in the same local population have been compared, so, direct empirical support for the 'mismatch' idea is rather weak. Knowledge of nestling diet and its variation is far from adequate and new, properly designed, studies are needed.
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