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A new species of the genus Hammerschmidtiella, H. eltalaensis sp. nov. parasitizing a brown cockroach Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister from El Tala river, Catamarca, Argentina, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by having the cuticle striated, without lateral alae, mouth with three toothed lips and eight labial papillae, amphids small and pore shaped, buccal capsule short, wide, with four mobile teeth, oesophagus with metacorpus valvate, isthmus cylindrical and thin surrounded by nerve ring, and a rounded basal bulb heavily muscled and valvate, the vulva is slightly protruding and lies in the anterior third of the body, didelphic, prodelphic, eggs small and elongate, the male with one spicule, without gubernaculum, the genital papillae arranged in one pair of small preanal papillae, and two postanal papillae, one pair is the base of the tail appendage. Tail appendage very long, thin, and reaching almost one third of the length of the body in the female. In the male the posterior end of the body abruptly truncated posterior to anus with spine-like long tail appendage.
The structure of the dermapteran hind wings is described and their hind wing folding is compared with other insect taxa with folded wings (i.e. Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Blattodea). The peculiarities of the dermapteran hind wing folding are pointed out: the wings are unfolded by the cerci, one wing after the other, in a rather slow process. The antagonistic movement, folding the wings, is achieved by intrinsic elasticity and resilin. The stem group representatives of the Dermaptera, the ‘Archidermaptera’ and the ‘Protelytroptera’, both taxa probably paraphyletic, do show the step-wise transformation from a simple, unfolded, ‘cockroach’-like wing, to the complex wing of Recent Dermaptera.
A new species of the genus Protrellus, P. blatta sp. nov. parasitizing a field cockroach Blatella vaga Hebard, 1919, from El Tala river, Catamarca, Argentina, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by having the mouth opening circular, the buccal capsule with eight very small teeth, the nerve ring around oesophageal corpus, the excretory pore anterior to vulva, the vulva anterior to base of oesophagus, didelphic, the posterior ovary reflexed anterior to rectum, about one third of a body length from posterior end, the egg ellipsoidal, colourless, bearing a lateral cuticular crest, tail conical, with long filiform projection, the male with testis single, outstretched, one spicule, very small, short and straight, gubernaculums absent, the genital papillae arranged in three pairs of ventrolateral papillae, of which the first pair are close together and preanal position, two pairs postanal, tail conical and short, less than one twentieth of total body. A taxonomic key of Protrellus species is given.
Adult males and females of the thelastomatid nematode Leidynema portentosae Van Waerebeke, 1978, parasites of the cockroach Gromphadorhina portentosa (Schaum), were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Broad lateral alae were present on the male. They were interrupted in two regions, forming three separate parts. Numerous small cuticular protuberances covered the posterior two thirds of the male. The male tail had four sets of genital papillae including two large pairs and two smaller, postanal pairs. Phasmids were observed in both males and females. The female cephalic region contained eight symmetrically arranged labiopapillae. Amphids were also observed, but no other cephalic papillae could be seen. The female lateral alae terminated in sharp projections in the tail region. These observations were compared to both the original description of L. portentosae and to a subsequent additional study of its morphology, and they reveal more details that are difficult to observe by light microscopy alone.
Macaroblattula ellipsoides gen. et sp. nov., Elisama cuboides sp. nov. and E. extenuata (Ren, 1995) of the dominant cockroach family Blattulidae are described from the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning in China. Forewing venation of E. extenuata reveals low variation (CV for total number of veins = 6.22), which indicates active flight of this advanced taxon. Presence of Macaroblattula gen. nov. suggests a generic variation and high adaptability of the family. Taxonomic composition supports the transitional Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous age of the Yixian Formation and dominance of the family Blattulidae within assemblage indicates their significance in food chain.
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