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Phytoplankton samples collected from the Northern Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal, northern Arabian Sea, and Dona Paula Bay Goa, west coast of India), were utilized to quantify changes in cell size, cell volume and carbon per cell of diatoms and dinoflagellates. The dataset from the Bay of Bengal also provides inter- and intra-annual variations (April 2008 to March 2010). The variations in cell size and volume were large in regions influenced by the riverine influx or terrigenous inputs. An interregional comparison of commonly available forms (8 species) points out that cell volumes are highest in the North Atlantic and lowest in the Mediterranean. The information provided will be useful in estimation of carbon biomass and biogeochemical studies.
The Flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) is a mullet of the genus Mugil in the family Mugilidae, found in coastal tropical, subtropical and estuarine water worldwide. Lipid was extracted from the muscle of Flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) by solvent extraction method and characterized with respect to various chemical e.g. saponification value, saponification equivalent value, acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, ester value, thicyanogen value, unsaponifiable matter, Henher value, Polenske value, Reichert-Meissl value etc properties and compared with those of different oils. Palmitic acid, Stearic acid and Myristic acid were observed at fatty acid composition of the sample by chromatographic examination. Percentages of protein and mineral (N, P, K, Ca) in the muscle of Flathead mullet were studied by modified Kjeldahl method.
The present paper dealt with the annual dynamics of the absorption coefficient of chromophoric dissolved organic matter at 440 nm {aCDOM(440)} during February 2015 to January 2016 in the continental shelf of northern Bay of Bengal (nBoB) for the first time. Sea surface salinity (SSS), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total suspended matter (TSM) were also analyzed. It was hypothesized that CDOM should exhibit significant spatial and temporal variability in this region. aCDOM(440) and spectral slope ranged between 0.1002 m1—0.6631 m1 and 0.0071 nm1— 0.0229 nm1 respectively during the entire study period. Higher values of aCDOM(440) were observed in the near shore stations and gradually decreased towards the offshore. Significant seasonal variability of aCDOM(440) was observed between the monsoon and non-monsoon seasons ( p < 0.05). Thus the framed hypothesis was successfully accepted by means of the present study. The CDOM was mainly found to be of allochthonous character in this region. aCDOM(440) portrayed a significant negative linear relationship with SSS (R2 = 0.80; p < 0.05) implying conservative mixing of marine and terrestrial end members. However, examining the spatial variability of the relationship, it was observed that this relationship was significant only in the nearshore stations. While examining the seasonal variability of this relationship, it was found to be most significant during the monsoon (R2 = 0.81; p < 0.05). Thus it was inferred that whenever the SSS gradient was higher, the relationship between aCDOM(440) and SSS was found to be most significant.
The Meretrix casta is an edible clam for human beings and it is widely distributed around the aquatic ecosystem. The clam has relatively thick shells that can attain a length of three inches. The knowledge of the biology, culture and biochemical composition of any edible organism is extremely important. Though the size, shape and colour of clam are different their nutritive value is very good. A maximum average length of 27.15mm was observed in the M.casta studied during 2011 and a maximum average length of 26.51mm was observed during 2012. The average lengths of M.casta in all the three different estuaries studied were as follows: 27.15 > 25.82 > 25.04 mm in 2011 and 26.51 > 25.88 > 25.17mm in 2012. A maximum average weight of 7.824 and 7.155g was observed during 2011 and in 2012; a maximum weight of 7.528g and minimum of 6.941g was recorded uniformly in all the three different estuaries. However, in 2011and 2012 a maximum and minimum of average length of 26.86, 25.10 mm, and average weight of 7.67 and 7.05g respectively were noticed in both Vellar and Uppanar estuaries of M.casta. the present investigation, it is clearly observed that M.casta can grow a weight of 0.13g/day and length of 0.122mm/day among the three different estuaries studied in the Cuddalore district which is located in Bay of Bengal.
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Mangroves in India: a unique Marine Ecosystem

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India has a long tradition of mangrove forest management. The Sundarbans mangroves, located in the Bay of Bengal (partly in India and partly in Bangladesh), were the first mangroves in the world to be put under scientific management. The area's first management plan was implemented in 1892. Recognizing the importance of mangroves, the Government of India set up the National Mangrove Committee in the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1976 to advise the government about mangrove conservation and development. In its first meeting, the panel, which consists of scientists, research scholars and experts on the mangrove ecosystem, emphasized the need to conduct a survey of the extent of existing mangrove areas within the country.
A new species of opecoelid trematode, Pseudopecoelus brayi sp. nov. is reported from the holocentrid fish, Myripristis kuntee collected from off Visakhapatnam coast, Bay of Bengal. The new species differs from related species by a combination of characters such as elongate body, deeply lobed gonads, tubular sinuous seminal vesicle extending up to the posterior border of ventral sucker, presence of a short cylindrical cirrus sac enclosing the cirrus and the vitelline zone extending anterior to ventral sucker. This is the 7th species of the genus to be reported from Indian marine fishes and the fifth species from holocentrid fishes. A key for separation of the species of Pseudopecoelus is given.
Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, two new and one specifically not identified gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) are described from the ovary of marine fishes of the genus Epinephelus Bloch (Serranidae, Perciformes) in the Bay of Bengal, off the eastern coast of India: P. indica sp. nov. (male and females) from the honeycomb grouper E. merra Bloch, P. tropica sp. nov. (males and females) from the duskytail grouper E. bleekeri (Vaillant) and Philometra sp. (only females) from the cloudy grouper E. erythrurus (Valenciennes). Philometra indica is mainly characterized by the length of spicules 192–195 μm and the gubernaculum 84 μm, the distal tip of the gubernaculum without a dorsal protuberance, and by the presence of five pairs of caudal papillae. Philometra tropica is mainly characterized by the spicules conspicuously ventrally distended at their posterior halves, the distal tip of the gubernaculum with a dorsal protuberance, and the presence of three pairs of caudal papillae.
A new species Polylabris bengalensis (Monogenea, Microcotylidae) is described from the gills of the siganid fishes, Siganus javus and S. oramin from the coast of Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal, India. It most closely resembles P. mamaevi but differs in having unequal caeca terminating at different levels in the haptor, in the follicular testis forming a compact mass, in the presence of a thick layer of concentric muscles surrounding the genital atrium and in the terminal part of the male copulatory organ not recurved. The validity of various species of Polylabris recorded from siganids from different geographical regions is discussed.
Lipid was extracted from the lipid containing muscle of Liner silver grunter (Pomadasys hasta) by solvent extraction and then purified by standard method. The physico-chemical properties of lipid sample were determined and compared with those of other standard fats and oils. Fatty acid composition of the lipid sample was investigated by Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) examination. Gas Liquid Chromatographic (GLC) examination was performed by the methyl esters mixture prepared from the lipid sample. The de-oiled muscle of the fish was studied for the determination of ash content, fiber content, moisture content and protein content. The lipid containing selected muscle was analyzed quantitatively for the determination of percentages of protein, cholesterol and minerals (N, P, K, Ca, and Na). The lipid containing muscle was also analyzed for the determination of the amount of eleven metals by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. The lipid sample was evaluated by microbial activity (bacterial activity against nine bacteria and fungal activity against seven fungi).
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