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Trophozoites of Balantidium coli were isolated from the pig's caecum and cultivated in vitro. Pigs were divided into two groups: one with the acute balantidiosis and the second - with the asymptomatic balantidiosis. In the first case the biotic potential of protozoans turned out to be higher (the most intensive divisions occurred 24 hours after the second passage). Protozoans isolated from pigs with the asymptomatic balantidiosis had lower biotic potential (the most intensive divisions occurred 24 hours after the third passage). This fact indicates the differentiation of the investigated populations of B. coli.
Animals with diarrhoea caused by Balantidium coli were investigated. The results of estimation of pH in the caecum content show the marked concentration of H+ ions (pH 5.1-6.0). Changes in pH of the parasite environment can abate enzymes activity, which can initiate compensatory reactions of the parasite, among others - intensification of excretion, cytotoxic for the host's tissues.
The localisation and activity of D glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and alkaline phosphatase (AlP) in the trophozoites of Balantidium coli isolated from pig intestine content were investigated using ultrastructural and cytochemical methods. The activity of G-6-Pase was demonstrated on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, particularly in the cortical part of the trophozoites. In addition, the product of the reaction to G-6-Pase was concentrated in the vesicular structures, which were distributed along the reticular membranes. These structures were described as vesicles similar to glycosomes, containing enzymes of glycogenolysis. It is very likely that hydrolases in B. coli are formed on the rough reticular membranes without the involvement of cisterns of the Golgi complex. The ultrastructural deposits of the reaction to G-6-Pase and AlP in the trophozoites of B. coli described here indicate that some membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and small vacuoles with a strong reaction to these enzymes can play a similar role to the Golgi complex.
Composition of the bacterial flora accompanying Balantidium coli in the rectum content of pigs affected by acute (Group 1) and symptom-free (Group 2) balantidiosis was studied. The course of balantidiosis was found to be dependent on composition of the bacterial flora. B. coli virulence towards the host’s tissues may be a secondary effect of the changes in biological, chemical, and physical conditions of the parasite’s biotope.
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