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The influence of Lugol’s solution on the embryonic development and egg hatch of Argas (A.) reflexus at a temperature of 25°C and relative humidity of 30% was investigated. The iodine compound was found to cause high mortality of eggs (23.1%) and embryos (34.8%). In these experiments only 40.9% of the eggs studied hatched into normal larvae. Interesting anomalies of Argas (A.) reflexus larvae, developed under these conditions, were also described.
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Fauna kleszczy [Acari: Ixodida] w Polsce

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20 valid species of Ixodida (3 Argasidae and 17 Ixodidae) are actually recognized as permanently existing in Poland. Cases of transferring 5 other Ixodidae were also recorded. Argasidae are nests- and burrows-dwelling species having multi-host development cycle, they are mainly synanthropic and semisynanthropic, nocturnal active, with the peak seasonal activity in the middle of summer. The most of Polish Ixodidae species are burrows- and nests-dwelling parasites, more common species are out of nest-dwelling, having three-host development cycle; they are basically polyxenic, active during the warm season of year, normally with two peaks of activity - in spring and at the end of summer, beginning of autumn; in most cases live in forests.
Fecundity and reproductive activity of 179 females of Argas (A.) reflexus in laboratory conditions, i.e. at temperature 23 ± 1°C and 75% of relative humidity were observed. Under these conditions reproduction activity of females fed in spring lasted since March till August. However, most of females (63.0-91.8%) laid eggs in June and July. Disturbances in egg-laying process of Argas (A.) reflexus females fed in abnormal time, i.e., in autumn and kept in laboratory conditions, were stated. These females were active since December till July (maximum activity was observed in February-34.3% and March-40.0%). Preoviposition and oviposition periods were observed in this study, too.
Taxonomically important morphological features in larvae, females and males of Argas (A.) reflexus collected from the vicinity of pigeon nests in Katowice (Upper Silesia) were investigated. Medical and veterinary importance, and control against this parasite were described, too.
Males, females, and larvae of Carios fonsecai sp. nov. are described from free-living ticks collected in a cave at Bonito, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The presence of cheeks and legs with micromammillate cuticle makes adults of C. fonsecai morphologically related to a group of argasid species (mostly bat-associated) formerly classified into the subgenus Alectorobius, genus Ornithodoros. Examination of larvae indicates that C. fonsecai is clearly distinct from most of the previously described Carios species formerly classified into the subgenus Alectorobius, based primarily on its larger body size, dorsal setae number, dorsal plate shape, and hypostomal morphology. On the other hand, the larva of C. fonsecai is most similar to Carios peropteryx, and Carios peruvianus, from which differences in dorsal plate length and width, tarsal setae, and hypostome characteristics are useful for morphological differentiation. The mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence of C. fonsecai showed to be closest (85–88% identity) to several corresponding sequences of different Carios species available in GenBank. Bats identified as Peropteryx macrotis and Desmodus rotundus were found infested by C. fonsecai larvae in the same cave where the type series was collected. C. fonsecai showed to be aggressive to humans in the laboratory.
Ornithodoros quilinensis sp. nov. (Acari: Argasidae) is described from larvae collected on the small rodents Graomys centralis (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) in Argentina. The diagnostic characters for this new species are a combination of small size (520–540 μm), a dorsal plate oval in shape with a length of approximately 200 μm, 14 pairs of dorsal setae, hypostome short and narrower at the base (length from Ph1 to apex 133 μm (120–141)) with dental formula 2/2 and apex blunt, and the capsule of the Haller’s organ irregular in shape and without reticulations. The analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences available for the genus Ornithodoros indicate that, phylogenetically, O. quilinensis represents an independent lineage only related to a Bolivian tick species of the genus Ornithodoros yet not formally described.
The most cases of abnormal hatch larvae (40.2%) of A. reflexus were in relative humidity 90% and temperature 25°C; the least (0-2.8%) - at the low relative humidity levels (10 and 30%) in all examined temperatures of experiments. The rise of relative humidity caused the greater number of the disturbances of hatch larvae. The most often inseparation of intergument eggs from body of larvae was observed, what made impossible normal formation of legs and made difficult locomotive faculty.
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The studies were carried out between 1997-1999 within the administrative district of Toruń. Forty sports pigeon breeders together with their pigeons were under study annually. The collected materiał allowed noticing the following issues: in 1997 and 1998 the Argas reflexus (Fabricius, 1794) was present in dovecotes (individuals) and the breeds' owners were pricked. In 1998 numerous specimens of the A. rejlexus were obtained from the materiał from the sanitary-epidemiological station. The specimens were collected from the bodies of the people, family members and from their flat located on the highest third floor of the old house. In the miteinfected dovecotes and in the old houserooms, the following steps were suggested: mechanical cleansing, whitewashing, disinfecting, and triple disinsecting, with fourteen-day-long intervals. The people with the symptoms of acariosis were subjected to treatment with calcium, antiallergic, and anti-fever mixtures, and, in some cases, cortisone ointments were applied. In spite of a considerable growth in the symptoms, the used methods turned out to be successful in all the studied cases.
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