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The influence on the gonadosomatic index of the adult Proctoeces lintoni (Digenea), a parasite of the gonads of the key-hole limpet Fissurella limbata (Gastropoda), was analyzed. Parasitic biomass reached as much 34.9% of gonadic weight, with a maximum of 99.4%. The gonadosomatic index computed as: (gonadic weight x total length ⁻¹) x 100, shows significant differences when compared with a corrected gonadosomatic index that excludes the parasitic biomass. Thus, caution must be taken when the gonadosomatic index is considered as a valid parameter in parasitized gonads.
Parasitological analysis of 554 specimens of Fissurella limbata Sowerby, 1835 (Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda) showed that as many as 97% of the molluscs were infected in the gonads by progenetic adults of the digenetic trematode Proctoeces lintoni Siddiqi et Cable, 1960. Prevalence and intensity of infection were not affected by the host’s sex, but were significantly and positively correlated with host length. Season seemed to affect neither, intensity nor prevalence of infection. Mean intensity reached 16.4, maximum intensity observed was 90 worms. The impact of microhabitat in a rocky beach is discussed as a possible factor that may help to explain the strong differences found in prevalence and intensity of infection caused by Proctoeces lintoni in Fissurella spp. from Chile.
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Aconeceras trautscholdi ammonitellae mass occurring in the Aptian of Symbirsk, central Russia represent consecutive calcification stages of the primary organic shell wall. Already after the formation of the organic shell with proseptum, the first whorl and umbilical walls of the initial chamber were calcified, then the remaining part of the initial chamber, and finally the nacreous primary constriction was formed and the proseptum was calcified. The original mineral participating in calcification was aragonite, which formed primary prismatic layers. The ammonite embryonic shell was thus formed similarly to the archaeogastropod larval shell. This explains the microstructural distinction of the ammonitella and proseptum walls with respect to the rest of the ammonite shell.
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