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Conservation genetics of managed ungulate populations

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Scribner K. T.

Acta Theriologica. Supplement

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1993

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tom 38

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nr 2

Natural populations of many species are increasingly impacted by human activities. Perturbations are particularly pronunced for large ungulates due in part to sport and commercial harvest, to reductions and fragmentation of native habitat, and as the result of reintroductions. These perturbations affect population size, sex and age composition, and population breeding structure, and as a consequence affect the levels and partitioning of genetic variation. Three case histories highlighting long-term ecological genetic research on mule deer Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817), white-tailed deer O. virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780), and Alpine ibex Capra i. ibex Linnaeus, 1758 are presented. Joint examinations of population ecological and genetic data from several populations of each species reveal: (1) that populations are not in genetic equilibrium, but that allele frequencies and heterozygosity change dramatically over time and among cohorts produced in successive years, (2) populations are genetically structured over short and large geographic distances reflecting local breeding structure and patterns of gene flow, respectively; however, this structure is quite dynamic over time, due in part to population exploitation, and (3) restocking programs are often undertaken with small numbers of founding individuals resulting in dramatic declines in levels of genetic variability and increasing levels of genetic differentiation among populations due to genetic drift. Genetic characteristics have and will continue to provide valuable indirect sources of information relating enviromental and human perturbations to changes in population processes.

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Spatial behaviour of adult male Alpine ibex Capra ibex ibex in the Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy

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Parrini F., Grignolio S., Luccarini S., Bassano B., Apollonio M.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 3

During a two year preliminary study, the spatial organization of a group of male Alpine ibex Capra ibex ibex Linnaeus, 1758 was examined in the Gran Paradiso National Park, Western Italian Alps, Italy. From December 1995 to January 1998 we measured annual, seasonal home range and home range during the rut, plus altitudinal migration of 13 radio-collared adult Alpine ibex. The small annual home range size showed a traditional use of space, confirmed by the high overlapping values between home ranges of consecutive years: the ibex used the same places from year to year. This was also true during periods of rut. Home ranges closely overlapped in consecutive ruts, while their size changed from winter to winter. Snow cover limited the movements of the ibex; winter and spring home ranges were smaller than those in summer and autumn. Mean vertical movement patterns were similar in the two years, showing the highest values in summer and the lowest in spring. Space use was never proportional to availability for each altitudinal range.

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G- and C-banded karyotype of the markhor Capra falconeri heptneri, and comparison of its banding patterns with the Alpine ibex Capra ibex and cattle Bos taurus

100%

Lux E., Perez M., Volobouev V. T.

Acta Theriologica

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 1

Here we present the first data on chromosome banding for Capra falconeri heptneri (Zalkin, 1945) (Bovidae: Caprinae), a critically endangered subspecies of the markhor, and compare its G- and C-banding patterns with those of the congeneric Alpine ibex C. ibex Linnaeus, 1758 and the evolutionary more distant cattle Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758. The two goat species have identical karyotypes whereas B. taurus, which has the same diploid number (2n = 60) and autosomal fundamental number (aFN) differs in the morphology of two pairs of autosomes (9 and 14) and of the X chromosome, as well as in the amount of C heterochromatin. Although the study supports the earlier idea of karyotype homogeneity within the genus Capra, new comparative cytogenetic data for unstudied yet congeneric and other related species are necessary for our understanding of the pattern of chromosome evolution within the subfamily Caprinae and, more broadly, the family Bovidae.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Acta Theriologica

1 Acta Theriologica. Supplement

1 Apollonio M.

1 Bassano B.

1 Grignolio S.

1 Luccarini S.

1 Lux E.

1 Parrini F.

1 Perez M.

1 Scribner K. T.

1 Volobouev V. T.

1 2004

1 2003

1 1993

Conservation genetics of managed ungulate populations

Spatial behaviour of adult male Alpine ibex Capra ibex ibex in the Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy

G- and C-banded karyotype of the markhor Capra falconeri heptneri, and comparison of its banding patterns with the Alpine ibex Capra ibex and cattle Bos taurus