In this study, somatic chromosome counts were determined in 302 individuals from 43 Allium przewalskianum populations; 90 were diploids (2n = 16, 16 + 1B, 16 + 2B) and 212 were tetraploids (2n = 32). Of the 43 populations, five were selected for karyotype analysis. Among them, the diploid plants have two karyotypes: 2n = 2x = 14m + 2st (2SAT) and 2n =2x = 8m + 6sm + 2st (2SAT). The tetraploid has one: 2n = 4x = 28m + 4st. Mixoploidy, Robertsonian translations, and B chromosomes were reported for the first time. In combination with previous chromosome data, the present study reveals a uniform basic chromosomal number (x = 8) and uniformity of karyotypes (Stebbins's 2A type), indicating that speciation through polyploidization is less likely in A. przewalskianum, despite the highly diversified habitats it occupies.
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