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Automatic non-destructive quality inspection system for oil palm fruits

100%

Makky M., Soni P., Salokhe V. M.

International Agrophysics

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2014

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tom 28

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nr 3

In this research a non-destructive, rapid and cost effective examination machine for the estimation of the ripeness fraction, oil content and free fatty acid level in oil palm fresh fruits bunch was developed. The automatic machine-vision based in- spection system provided consistency, rapid estimation and accep- table accuracy results in non-dest ructive manner. Fresh fruits bunch samples from Tenera cultivar (7 to 20 years trees) were taken from Cimulang plantation, Bogor, Indonesia. Two statistical analysis methods were used: a forward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and a multilayer-perceptron artificial neural network analysis. The best prediction of ripeness and oil content models were obtained using the latter method, while the best free fatty acid prediction model was developed by the first method. The models were then employed in the machine-vision inspection systems of the machine. The system best prediction accuracy of ripeness, oil content and free fatty acid models was 93.5, 96.41, and 89.32%, with standard error of prediction being 0.065, 0.044 and 0.068, respectively. The system was tested through a series of field tests, and successfully examined more than 12 t of fruits bunch per hour, without causing damage.

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Diversity and occupancy of small carnivores within oil palm plantations in central Sumatra, Indonesia

80%

Jennings A. P., Naim M., Advento A. D., Aryawan A. A. K., Ps S., Caliman J.-P., Verwilghen A., Veron G.

Acta Theriologica

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2015

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tom 60

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nr 2

In Southeast Asia, the conversion of native forests to oil palm plantations threatens tropical biodiversity, but very little is known about the impacts of oil palm cultivation on small carnivore species. To determine the diversity and occupancy of small carnivores within oil palm plantations and to investigate possible factors that might affect their presence within oil palm, we used camera-traps within two oil palm plantations in central Sumatra, analysed the data using occupancy modelling and tested whether two covariates (distance to the edge of the oil palm habitat and distance from extensive areas of lowland forest) affected the model parameters for each small carnivore species. From 3164 camera-trap days, we detected only three small carnivores: leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) and Malay civet (Viverra tangalunga), which indicates that there was a low diversity of small carnivores within the oil palm plantations. Both the leopard cat and common palm civet were found deep within the oil palm, whereas the Malay civet was only detected near the edge in one of the plantations. The leopard cat and common palm civet had very high occupancy values, whereas the Malay civet had low values for both occupancy and detection probability. Neither covariate affected occupancy of the leopard cat and common palm civet, but distance from the edge of the oil palm habitat did influence their detection probabilities. Malay civet occupancy decreased with distance from the oil palm edge, and detection probability was affected by distance from extensive areas of lowland forest. Forests and rest/den site availability are suggested to be important features for small carnivores with oil palm-dominated landscapes.

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Changes in growth and photosynthetic patterns of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings exposed to short-term CO2 enrichment in a closed top chamber

80%

Ibrahim M. H., Jaafar H. Z. E., Harun M. H., Yusop M. R.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2010

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tom 32

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nr 2

Three varieties of oil palm seedlings (Deli Yangambi, Deli Urt, Deli AVROS) were exposed to three levels of CO₂ (400, 800, 1,200 μmol/mol) in split plot design to determine growth (net assimilation rate, NAR; relative growth rate, RGR) and photosynthetic patterns of the seedlings under short-term CO₂ exposure of 15 weeks. Increasing CO₂ from 400 to 800 and 1,200 μmol/mol significantly enhanced total biomass and leaf area, net photosynthesis (A) and water use efficiency (WUE) especially from weeks 9 to 15. By the end of week 15, total biomass increased by 113%, and A and WUE by one- and fivefold, respectively, while specific leaf area decreased by 37%. Both enhanced biomass and A under elevated CO₂ were effective in modifying NAR and RGR as shown by high correlation coefficient values (r²= 0.68 and 0.72; r²= 0.63 and 0.67, respectively), although WUE seemed to have more influence over the NAR (r²= 0.97) and RGR (r²= 0.93). Neither interspecific preference nor its interaction with CO₂ imposed any significant effect on parameters observed. Growth improvement with CO₂ seemed able to produce healthy, bigger and vigorous oil palm seedlings, and the technique may have potential to be developed for use to reduce nursery period.

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High density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass

80%

Chin K. T., H'ng P. S., Maminski M.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2012

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tom 77

High density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass. Large quantities of oil palm biomass available can significantly become the important source for renewable energy in Malaysia in the form of pellet or briquette. Nonetheless, lignocellulosic biomass should be treated to increase their energy efficiency prior to the combustion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of torrefaction treatment on the weight loss and energy properties of oil palm biomass (oil palm trunk and empty fruit bunch). The lignocellulosic biomass was torrefied at three different temperatures (200 to 300 °C) within 15 to 45 min. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of torrefaction conditions, to determine the maximum energy properties and minimum weight loss. Results showed that heating values of biomass was affected by treatment severity (cumulated effect of temperature and time). While the reaction temperature had a strong impact on the energy density of torrefied biomass, the effect of treatment time was considerably lesser under the torrefaction conditions used in this study. It was demonstrated that each biomass type had its own unique set of operating conditions to achieve the same product quality. The optimized torrefaction conditions were verified empirically and applicability of the model was confirmed. The results of this study could be used as a guide for the production of high density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass. Conclusively, high density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass can be produced using torrection method.

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Sindora ma rozwijac nowa plyte z palmy oleistej

70%

W K.

Biuletyn Informacyjny Ośrodka Badawczo-Rozwojowego Przemysłu Płyt Drewnopochodnych w Czarnej Wodzie

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1996

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tom 37

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nr 3

238

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Assessing avian richness and diversity in different regions of oil palm plantation in Selangor, Malaysia

61%

Amir A., Noor H. M., Hambali K.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2015

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tom 42

Malaysia is characterized by a variety of habitats such as forests, clearings, thickets, and cropland that attract various species of birds. This study examined the bird community in terms of richness and diversity at oil palm plantations habitat. The abundance of birds was determined by using distance sampling point count method. A total of 2722 birds belonging to 38 families representing 86 species of birds were detected. Diversity analysis indicates that the species of birds in the oil palm plantation at Sungai Pelek is more diverse (Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index H; 3.52) and richness (Margalef’s Richness Index R1; 10.2) than oil palm plantation in Teluk Panglima Garang-Pulau Carey and Banting-Jenjarum. However, the species of birds in the oil palm plantations at Teluk Panglima Garang-Pulau Carey and Banting-Jenjarum show higher evenness (Pielou’s Evenness Index E; 0.82) compared with oil palm plantations in Sungai Pelek. The results of this study indicate that the species composition and distribution of the avian species in the oil palm plantations are affected by habitat characterization of that particular area and its vicinity.

Ograniczanie wyników

Automatic non-destructive quality inspection system for oil palm fruits

Diversity and occupancy of small carnivores within oil palm plantations in central Sumatra, Indonesia

Changes in growth and photosynthetic patterns of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings exposed to short-term CO2 enrichment in a closed top chamber

High density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass

Sindora ma rozwijac nowa plyte z palmy oleistej

Assessing avian richness and diversity in different regions of oil palm plantation in Selangor, Malaysia