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Since its inception, the material used in the Baltic sturgeon restoration program has been, and continues to be, hatch and fry of this species imported to Poland from Canada. Heavy fry was used to create a stock of selects that are cultured under different conditions. In 2011, signs of maturation were noted among some selects cultured in tanks in a recirculating aquaculture system. After conducting biopsies, two males were chosen for hormonal stimulation, after which milt was collected from them. The body weight growth of these males was analyzed in comparison with the mean body weights of other select stocks, and the mean growth rates of the selects was very high at 42% annually. Sperm was collected twice. The milt obtained was characterized by high sperm motility (above 70%) and a relatively low concentration (0.735 mld/ml). The milt from the first collection was thickened with the centrifugation method, and that of the second was cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen vapor. The motility of the sperm following cryopreservation and then thawing was high (65.4% from the first collection and following centrifugation and 64.9% from the second collection).
Work to restore the Baltic sturgeon was begun in Poland in 2004. The initial material has comprised mainly fertilized Atlantic sturgeon eggs imported annually from Canada. The aim of the current study was to use to perform genetic analyses based on 16 microsatellite loci of Atlantic sturgeon wild spawners used in artificial reproduction and breeding in 2011. These results were compared to those of previous analyses of individual Atlantic sturgeon bred for the restoration of this species in Poland and to individuals from the founder population from the Saint John River. The analysis of polymorphism indicated that the genetic variation of the 2011 fry was similar to that observed in previous years. It was confirmed that groups of 2011 fry, designated as 1 and 2, originated from two different females. The group 1 fry were the progeny of one female and three males, while those in group 2 were the progeny of one female and two males. The reproductive success of the males was not equal, and in both instances the same male dominated. Some of the individuals used in breeding were related, which can produce negative inbreeding impacts in the progeny of these pairs. In the interests of building a future broodstock from the year class analyzed in this study, it would be optimal to identify individuals that originate from each pairing in equal numbers.
The population of the Atlantic Baltic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus, occurring in the Baltic Sea was recognized as extirpated in the mid twentieth century. Since 2004, work has been underway in Poland to restore the Baltic sturgeon species. The material used in this project comprises fertilized eggs and hatch obtained from Atlantic sturgeon spawners from the St. John River and imported from Canada. The aim of the ichthyological work being done as part of this project is to rear stocking material and create a broodstock under aquaculture conditions. In the 2006-2013 period, approximately 766,300 fry individuals with mean weights ranging from of 5-9 to 1500 -2500 g were released into Polish rivers. The goal of these pilot stocking programs was to study migration routes and the behavior of the fry in the rivers. The oldest individuals in select stocks are beginning to mature. Stocking has been expanded in recent years to include Neman and Pregola river tributaries. A further consequence of stocking and expanding areas that are stocked to include all of the historic sturgeon rivers in the Baltic Sea basin, in the opinion of the authors, should lead to the restoration of the Baltic sturgeon population.
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