Introduction. The Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) of human milk reflects the concentration and the activity of many components which prevent oxidative degradation of fats and proteins. This study compares the effectiveness of ABTS and DPPH tests with regard to the recovery, precision and sensitivity (detection and quantification limit) of (TAC) values in human milk. Material and methods. TAC values were determined in twenty five samples of human milk obtained from healthy mothers, residents of Gdańsk, on the 14,h day postpartum. Results. The average TAC of human milk determined by ABTS assay was 19.61 ±3.311 mg TE (Trolox Equivalents)/100 cm3, the average values obtained by the DPPH assay reached 9.95 ±4.36 mg TE/100 cm3. For each milk sample the TAC determined by the ABTS test was significantly higher than the values produced by the DPPH test. The above findings can be attributed to the presence of substances whose spectra overlap with DPPH’ spectra. ABTS test was characterised by a higher sensitivity and repeatability of the determination of TAC in human milk compared to the DPPH test. Conclusions. Comparing the calculated values for the validation parameters of both methods and taking into account the solubility of DPPH only in polar matrices, slower reaction of selected antioxidants with DPPH radical, and the presence in human milk constituents absorbing electromagnetic radiation in the absorption of DPPH be assumed that the ABTS test is more appropriate method of determining of TAC in breast milk.
Modified ABTS cation radical decolorization assay and EPR technique were applied to screen the antioxidant activity of three flavonoids with different polarity: 7-O-β-[2-O-feruloyl-β-glucuronopyranosyl (1→2) glucuronopyranoside] (tricine), 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone 6-C-β-glucopyranoside (isocytisoside) and I 3' II 8 biapigenine (amentoflavone), with nonpolar all-trans β-carotene used as standard carotenoid molecule. The ABTS [2,2'- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] cation radical decolorization assay was modified as follows: (1) measurements extended up to 8 days after preparation, (2) method adapted for flavonoids with different polarity and β-carotene, (3) concentrations in the 0.01-10 μM range of both trolox and antioxidants in order to use the same experimental conditions for both this technique and EPR measurement.
Introduction: Our study is a part of a trend of studies on the antioxidative properties of Chelidonium majus extracts or their fractions suggesting that antioxidant activities may depend on total flavonoid and/or alkaloid contents. Objective: This study focused on the examination of antioxidative activities of full water extract, non-protein fraction and protein fraction of the extract from aerial parts of mature plants and young seedlings. Methods: Total flavonoid and alkaloid contents were evaluated by spectrometric methods. Quantitative determination of chelidonine, coptisine, sanquinarine, berberine was made by HPLCUV. The antioxidative activities were evaluated using (1) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), (2) 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and (3) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Results: All concentrations of herb extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than extract from seedlings. Two antioxidant tests (DPPH, FRAP) showed that full water extract from herb had the highest antioxidant activity, while its non-protein fraction and protein fraction showed lower antioxidant activity. It was found that the full water extract from herb contained the highest concentrations of flavonoids and alkaloids when compared with other samples. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that chelidonine and coptisine especially could be responsible for the observed changes in the extract antioxidant activity, because these alkaloids were determined in the highest concentration in full water extract from herb. It cannot be also excluded that the observed variables values between extracts and their fractions from herb or from seedlings may also be the result of interactions between flavonoids and other chemical compounds.
The objective of our study was evaluation antioxidant activity of Amaranthus cruentus grain and by-products (flour, cereals and popping). The evaluation was performed by FRAP, DPPH and ABTS methods. FRAP and ABTS assays gave comparable results, DPPH method gave lower values. Among by-products cereal had the highest activity as the least processed product. Additionally, antioxidant capacities of two cultivars of amaranth (varieties Aztek and Rawa) were compared and the influence of grain soaking on antioxidant properties was taken into account. It was found, that soaking decreased antioxidant activity of amaranth seed.
The studied material were the fruits of 7 wild species: dog rose (Rosa canina L.), blackberry (Rubus caesius L.), elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.). The fruits were subjected to an antioxidant activity assay (AA). Two methods were used: FRAP and ABTS. The fruit samples were also subjected to analyses for phenolics (recalculated onto gallic acid) by means of the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The fruit samples were subjected to vitamin C analyses as well, applying the Tilmans' method. Dog rose fruits were characterized by the largest antioxidant capacity - 127.78±1.85 mM Fe100 g-1 of fresh mass (FRAP method) and 38.75±0.33 ^M TEg-1 of fresh mass (ABTS method). At the same time, they contained the largest amounts of vitamin C - 1252.37±6.58 mg100 g-1 of fresh mass and phenolics - 3217.28±11.94 mg100 g-1 of fresh mass. Blackthorn, rowan and wild strawberry had the lowest antioxidant capacity of all the fruits studied. The examination confirmed a high correlation between antioxidant capacity, and vitamin C and phenolics content in fruits.