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The work summarizes changes, which involved the sugar and sugar beet production in Turkey and in Poland, in the years 1995-2014. Sugar beet area in Turkey has decreased by 7% and in Poland by 48%. Harvest has increased by 51% in Turkey and has remained unchanged in Poland. Sugar beet yield has increased: in Turkey by 63% and in Poland by 97%. 71% farmers have stopped cropping sugar beet, while in Poland this share has been 87%. Mean plantation size has increased in Turkey by over a factor of 2 (compared to 1997), while in Poland it has been by a factor of almost 4. Sugar production in Turkey has dropped by 13% (compared to 1997) and in Poland it has grown by 29%. Three new sugar plants started operation in Turkey in the years 1995-2014. In Poland 58 facilities shut down. Turkey’s securing position of major sugar producer is to be expected, under the conditions of increased pace of production concentration and implementing new production technologies. Withdrawal of sugar production quotas in the EU resulted in increased sugar beet spring sowing in several member states, including Poland. Further developments in 2018 and in the following years shall depend on the profitability of sugar beet crops and of sugar production. Significant influence is also to be expected from the isoglucose competition, production of which is to enjoy quotas withdrawal, as well.
The work contains a comparison of the changes at the sugar market in Hungary and in Poland in the years 1995-2014. Sugar beet crop area in Hungary has decreased by 87% and in Poland by 48%, while beet root harvest dropped by 25% in Hungary, but remained unchanged in Poland. Sugar beet production was abandoned – either by choice or necessity – by 62% of farmers in Hungary (in the years 2000-2014) and by 87% in Poland (1995-2014). In the 20 year period sugar beet production shrunk in Hungary by 73% and in Poland it grew by 29%. Between 1995 and 2008 11 out of 12 sugar factories in Hungary were closed, while in Poland out of 76 factories, 19 remained operational through that period and 18 remained a year after. Sugar exports in 2013 grew compared to 1995 by 15 times in Hungary, but by 253 times in Poland. Sugar imports in Hungary grew 105 times, in Poland it dropped by 40%. Lifting of sugar production quotas in the EU in 2017 can result in complete abandoning of sugar production in Hungary and its further growth in Poland. Hungary has nevertheless been strengthening their position as the leading producer of isoglucose in the EU.
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