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1
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Atmospheric concentrations of Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. spores in Zagreb [Croatia] and effects of some meteorological factors

100%
Peternel R., Culig J., Hrga I.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
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2004
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tom 11
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nr 2
The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between meteorological conditions and Alternaria and Cladosporium spore concentrations in the air of Zagreb in August 2002 and August 2003. These months were chosen because they represented climatic extremes. A 7-day VPPS 2000 Hirst volumetric pollen and spore trap was used for spore sampling. Spores marked as 'others' (ascospores, basidiospores, Epicoccum, Ustilago, Pithomyces, Helminthosporium, Stemphylium, Torula, Botrytis, Didymella) were found to have predominated in the month of August in both 2002 and 2003 with 91.1% and 70.5%, respectively. Because of favourable weather conditions (higher air temperature and minimal precipitation) in August 2003, the concentrations of Alternaria and Cladosporium spores were 3.4-fold those recorded in the same month in 2002. Also, the peak daily concentrations of these spores were measured on days without precipitation and with higher air temperature. Intradiuranal variation in the Alternaria and Cladosporium spore concentrations was identical in 2002 and 2003 (lowest in 2-hour interval between 06:00-08:00, and highest between 10:00-12:00). In spite of the three-fold increase in the Cladosporium spore concentration in August 2003, the borderline concentration of 3,000 spores/m3 air that is associated with the occurrence of allergic reactions was only exceeded on a single day. Air concentration of Alternaria spores exceeded borderline value of 100 spores/m3 air on as many as 17 days, suggesting that at that time of the year the risk of allergic reaction was only present in individuals allergic to this spore type.
2
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Incidence of Betulaceae pollen and pollinosis in Zagreb, Croatia, 2002-2005

88%
Peternel R., Milanovic S. M., Hrga I., Mileta T., Culig J.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
|
2007
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tom 14
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nr 1
Pollen allergy is characterized by seasonal allergic manifestations affecting patients during the plant pollen season. The aim of this study was to analyze the Betulaceae pollen pattern in Zagreb (2002-2005) and to determine the incidence of sensitization to these pollen types in patients with seasonal respiratory allergy. Twenty-four-hour pollen counts were carried out using volumetric procedure. Skin prick test were performed on a total of 864 patients aged 18-80< in Zagreb between 2 January – 31 December 2004. Pollen of the representatives of the family Betulaceae accounted for a signifi cant proportion of total pollen (34% on an average), predominated by Betula pollen and considerably lower proportion of Alnus sp. and Corylus sp. pollen. Alder and hazel pollen fi rst occurred in the air in February throughout the study period. The highest airborne pollen concentration of these taxa was recorded in February and March. The birch pollen season generally peaked in April. Only 2.67% of patients showed birch pollen monosensitization. The proportion of patients with polysensitization to Betulaceae pollen was considerably greater (12.88%), whereas polysensitization to Betulaceae, Poaceae and Ambrosia pollen was recorded in the highest proportion of patients (26.23%). According to age, the highest and lowest rate of allergy was recorded in the 31-50 and >51 age groups, respectively (46.22% vs 23.12%). Female predominance was observed across all age groups. The patients with monosensitization to birch pollen had the most severe symptoms in April. In the patients with poylsensitization to alder, hazel and birch pollen who developed cross-reaction, initial symptoms occurred as early as February, with abrupt exacerbation in March and April. The most severe condition was observed in the patients allergic to birch, hazel, alder, grass and ragweed pollen, with symptoms present throughout the year and exacerbation in spring and late summer months.
3
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Analysis of airborne pollen concentrations in Zagreb, Croatia, 2002

88%
Peternel R., Culig J., Mitic B., Vukusic I., Sostar Z.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
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2003
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tom 10
|
nr 1
Employing the volumetric method by use of a Hirst sampler, a total of 71,286 pollen grains, as many as 94.20% of them allergenic, were recorded in the air samples from the city of Zagreb during the 2002 pollen season. Among identified pollen of 35 plant species/genera/families, 23 were allergenic: Taxus/Juniperus, Alnus sp., Fraxinus sp., Betula sp., Corylus sp., Poaceae, Urticaceae, Artemisia sp., Ambrosia sp., Carpinus sp., Castanea sp., Chenopodiaceae, Salix sp., Populus sp., Ulmus sp., Juglans sp., Quercus sp., Platanus sp., Fagus sp., Plantago sp., Pinus sp., Picea sp. and Abies sp. The pollen of these plants also cause the majority of pollinosis in Europe. Study results and the pollen calendar designed for the 2002 pollen season for the City of Zagreb provide useful data for allergologists to reach an accurate diagnosis. The calendar also provides timely information on airborne pollen types and air concentrations for individuals with pollen hypersensitivity, thus allowing them to adjust their daily activities so as to minimize their contact with allergens and improve their quality of life both at home and at work.
4
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Variation in ragweed [Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.] pollen concentration in Central Croatia, 2002-2003

76%
Peternel R., Culig J., Srnec L., Mitic B., Vukusic I., Hrga I.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
|
2005
|
tom 12
|
nr 1
The aim of the study was to determine the onset, duration and termination of the ragweed pollen season; intradiurnal, daily and monthly pollen variation, and possible differences in the occurrence and concentration of ragweed pollen according to sampling sites between 2002 and 2003. The study was conducted at three sampling sites in central Croatia over two pollen seasons (2002 and 2003) using the volumetric method of sampling (Hirst type sampler). In 2003, the ragweed pollen season was by 43% longer and the percentage proportion of ragweed pollen by 3.4% greater in comparison with 2002. The total ragweed pollen count and number of days with ragweed pollen concentration greater than 30 pollen grains per m3 air showed a declining tendency from East to West in both seasons. The intradiurnal peak concentration occurred between 10.00-14.00. The air concentration of ragweed pollen decreased with temperature decline and precipitation. Results of the study provided useful information to individuals allergic to ragweed pollen thereby allowing them to adjust their outdoor activities to avoid contact with the allergen.
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