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Associative learning modifies representation of vibrissae in SII cortex -A 2DG study

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Debowska W., Siucinska E., Liguz-Lecznar M., Kossut M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2009
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tom 69
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nr 3
Secondary somatosenory cortex (SII) in rodents receives input from vibrissae trough reciprocal cortico-cortical connections from the barrel cortex and directly from thalamic sensory nuclei. In humans, SII is activated bilaterally during attentional tasks and it is consider to play a role in tactile memory and sensimotor integration. We examined it behavioral paradigms that modifi es SI evokes also plasticity in SII. We measured area of SII activation by stimulation of a row of vibrissae previously activated in classical conditioning paradigm, in which stimulation of a row of vibrissae was paired with a tail shock. The training consisted of 3 daily 10 min sessions, during which 40 pairings were delivered. Activation was mapped with [14C]-2-deoxyglucose (2DG) autoradiography one day after the end of conditioning. The autoradiograms were analyzed with computerized image analysis system, which aligned the 2DG uptake pattern with Nissl stain. We reported previously that conditioning results in enlargement of cortical representation of the “trained” row of vibrissae in SI. Here we found that in SII the representation of the “trained” row is increased bilaterally, by 37% on the average. The increase was observed in cortical layers II/III and IV. Clearly, plasticity in SII is not simply a refl ection of changes in SI. It may be supposed that in response to activation of a pathway involved in conditioning, structures involved in attention respond more strongly to sensory stimuli.
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Screening of Asparagus officinalis L. seeds for occurence and ploidy of twin embryos

100%
Zenkteler M., Debowska W., Knaflewski M., Zenkteler E.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
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2012
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tom 54
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nr 2
We used germination tests to assess the frequency of polyembryony in 9 asparagus cultivars with a high propensity to produce double embryos with different ploidy levels: Alpha, Andreas, Boonlim, Cipres, Eposs, Helios, Limbras, Ravel and Sartaguda. Twin embryos inside a single seed were found in 3 cultivars: Eposs 2n, Ravel 2n and Sartaguda 2n, at 0.60% frequency (15 seeds with twin embryos out of 2500 seeds). Of 30 obtained seedlings, 14 were separated diploid-diploid twins, 6 were conjoined diploid pairs, 8 were separated diploid-haploid and 2 were diploid-haploid pairs conjoined in the hypocotyl region. Some embryos showed unilateral dominance of one embryo (size and shape). The haploid status of the smallest embryo was confirmed by chromosome number (n=x=10) and flow cytometry (nuclear C DNA amount 1.95 pg). The haploid obtained in this manner possessed enough vegetative vigor to undergo chromosome doubling.
3

New method of inducing experimental stress

88%
Bierzynska M., Lubienska M., Bielecki M., Debowska W., Kossut M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2013
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tom 73
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nr Suppl.1
Existing procedures of inducing experimental stress in fMRI experiments are usually unrelated to the cognitive task which is the object of the study. Our experiment concerns the impact of experimental stress on well learned tactile discrimination task. Participants attended two weeks Braille training. The object of this training is not to learn people how to read braille, but to learn tactile discrimination of meaningful signs. Discrimination of two Braille signs is a simple task after the training. We tested the effect of experimental induced stress on this model of learning. For this purpose, we have developed a procedure for inducing experimental stress. This procedure consists of three parts by: two runs of tactile discrimination are divided by stress inducing procedure. In the stress inducing procedure participants are asked to discriminate between symmetrical and non-symmetrical signs and are exposed to negative feedback. Experimental stress was evaluated by a questionnaire and GSR, EMG and heart rate data were acquired during whole procedure. Results showed inducement of experimental stress reported by participants in a questionnaire, higher GSR values during experimental stress procedure and no impact of experimental stress on the performance in the second tactile discrimination task. The project was supported by The National Science Centre, grant number: 3608/B/H03/2011/40.
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