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Antioxidative responses were investigated in leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown at varying S levels ranging from deficiency to excess (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM S). Optimum yield was observed in plants supplied with 4 mM S. Wheat responded to S deficiency and excess supply by decreasing growth of root and shoot. Chlorosis in young leaves was observed after 15 days of deficient S supply. The biomass and concentration of photoassimilatory pigments decreased in plants grown at 1, 2, 6 and 8 mM S supply. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), cysteine, nonprotein thiol and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) increased in plants grown under S stress. Accumulation of TBARS and H₂O₂ in leaves indicated oxidative damage in S-deficient and S-excess plants. Deficient and excess levels of S showed an increase in the activities of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2).
The effect of boron (B) on growth, water status and oxidative damage was investigated in the leaves and roots of 7-day-old seedlings of Brassica juncea var.Varuna.For this seedlings of Brassica were grown in solution culture with variable boron supply (0.033, 0.33, 3.3 and 33 mg B L-1) under controlled conditions in green house. Photosynthetic pigments were found to be decreased more under excess (3.3 and 33 mg B L–1) than deficient boron supply (0.033 mg B L–1) when compared to control (0.33 mg B L–1). Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content in both leaves and roots under deficient and excess boron supply suggested oxidative damage due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Increased activity of antioxidative enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase along with polyphenol oxidase was observed in leaves and roots under boron deficiency and excess than in control. Increased proline concentration, decreased total water content and water saturation deficit also indicated the water deficit condition in leaves and roots of boron-stressed Brassica seedlings.
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