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A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2014-2015 at a farm field located in Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with the main aim to evaluate the influence of different organic manures on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with four replications. The treatments were: T1 (control, no manure), T2 (Cattle manure), T3 (Poultry manure) and T4 (Sheep manure). All the organic manures were applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1. At maturity, plant height (cm), number of grains per spike, grain yield and biological yield were recorded. Results led to the conclusion that T3 (poultry manure) gave the best results, as compared to other treatments. The values of plant height, biological yield and grain yield were 87 cm, 13.66 t ha-1 and 5.750 t ha-1, respectively, for poultry manure treatment. Results for number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were found non-significant in the prevailing soil condition.
Microorganisms play a significant role in anaerobic digestion of organic matter in order to add up the chemical substances in the ongoing biochemical process. The microbes are responsible for the efficient breakdown of complex organic molecules through a series of biochemical reactions for methane production. In the present study inoculums were collected from three different sources – a sewage sludge wastewater treatment plant (SS), cow dung (CD), and an anaerobic reactor treating inoculum from organic matter (IOM) – to evaluate their potential for anaerobic digestion of agricultural residues (AR) and fruit vegetable waste (FVW) at mesophilic temperature (35ºC). The higher biogas production of 507 l/gVS was achieved for a mixture of inoculums (SS+CD+IOM) in reactor 4 (R4), and biogas characterization by gas chromatography (GC) reveals 67.7% of the methane content. The morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques were used to identify the microbial flora present in the high-yield reactor. The abundance of Bacillus, clostridium, and Enterobacter spp were observed along with Methanomicrobia and Methanosarcina. To get a high methane yield from organic waste it is necessary to maintain the equilibrium and availability of efficient microbial communities like firmicutous, hydrogenotrophic, and acitoclatic methanogens.
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