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The changes of the composition of growing medium and the fatty acid composition of Bacillus subtilis PO270, a bacterium isolated from the wheat rhizosphere, was evaluated during different phases of growth. During growth alkalinity reaction of medium was observed and in late stationary phase of growth the release of proteins and phenolic acids from cells was observed. Twenty six fatty acids were detected. The most prominent fatty acids found in bacterial cells were 15:0 a, 15:0 i, 17:0 a and 17:0 i. Depending of a phase of bacterial growth, their contents varied from 86.5 to 88.9% of total fatty acids. The remaining fatty acids identified, including regular saturated and monounsaturated as well as iso- and anteiso-branched, 2- and 3-hydroxylated, cyclopropane and odd-numbered derivatives, were present in minor amounts. We have demonstrated that the fatty acid composition of this bacterium changes greatly in different growth phases. These structural changes represent re-arrangement of membranes, which keeps the bacterial cell fit during growth and counteracts the effects of the changing environment.
In our previous study, we developed very stable formulations of submicron oil-in-water emulsions from Adenanthera pavonina L. (family Leguminosae, subfamily Mimosoideae) seed oil, stabilised with soybean lecithin (SPC). Continuing our research, we introduced an additional co-emulsifier, Tween 80, to those formulations in order to decrease the size of the emulsion particles and improve their stability. Formulations with a mean particle size ranging from 43.6 to 306.5 nm and a negative surface charge from −45.3 to −28.5 mV were obtained. Our stability experiments also revealed that most of the tested formulations had a very good degree of stability over a 3-month storage period, both at 4°C and at room temperature. Since many intravenous injectable drugs exhibit lytic activity against erythrocytes, we examined this activity for the emulsion form of cardol, a natural compound with already proven hemolytic properties. The incorporation of this agent into the emulsion caused an evident decrease in hemolytic activity (97–99%). This highly protective effect, observed against sheep erythrocytes, was independent of both the composition and the particle size of the emulsions used. Our studies suggest that nonionic surfactant/phospholipid-based emulsions containing this edible oil of A. pavonina L. may be useful as an alternative formulation matrix for pharmaceutical, nutritional or cosmetic applications of otherwise membrane-acting components.
9,10-methylenehexadecanoic acid was found to be the main and sole constituent of the cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA) pool of five Pseudomonas fluorescent strains. Our findings have shown that all the studied isolates of plant-growth promoting rhizospheral fluorescent pseudomonads have qualitatively identical CFA profiles, even though they have the ability to make use of distinct carbon sources and show different plant root colonisation ability. This report suggests that the preservation of the proper CFA composition in biomembranes may be crucial for rhizobacteria adaptation to the fluctuation of physicochemical conditions in the rhizosphere.
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