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1

An anatomical study of additional radial wrist extensors including a unique extensor carpi radialis accessorius

100%
West C. T., Ricketts D., Brassett C.
Folia Morphologica
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2017
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tom 76
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nr 4
Background: In this study, 82 forearms from 41 cadavers were dissected to establish the incidence of variant additional radial wrist extensors. Three variants have been described in the literature: extensor carpi radialis intermedius (ECRI), extensor carpi radialis accessorius (ECRA) and extensor carpi radialis tertius (ECRT). Materials and methods: Of the 41 cadavers studied, 5/41 (12%) had an additional radial wrist extensor. Of these 5 individuals, 2 had bilateral additional muscles and 3 were unilateral. Of the 82 forearms, 7/82 (9%) had additional radial wrist extensors. Results: We found 4 examples of ECRI and 3 examples of ECRA. We did not find any examples of ECRT. One specimen of ECRA had an atypical, previously undescribed, course. Conclusions: These accessory muscles are of clinical relevance, as they may be a contributing factor in tennis elbow and nerve entrapment, or cause diagnostic confusion, especially in ultrasound scans. However, they may also be used for tendon transfer. Of the 7 muscles found in the current study, 3 would have been suitable for such procedures. (Folia Morphol 2017; 75, 4: 742–747)
2

An anatomical study of the origin, structure and insertion of the medial patellofemoral ligament

76%
Li C.-H., Ricketts D., Wang X.-S., Yu T.-B., Qi C., Zhu Y.-L.
Folia Morphologica
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2018
|
tom 77
|
nr 2
Background: Repair and reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) has been undertaken for the treatment of patellar instability. For successful surgery detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the ligament is required. The aim of this study was to describe the origin, structure and insertion of the MPFL. Materials and methods: We studied cadaveric knees from 30 Chinese adults. We studied the origin, course and insertion of the MPFL. Results: We found that the MPFL was composed of two main strands, superficial and deep. We also found that the insertion of the MPFL into the femur had three common patterns. All three were located between the adductor tubercle and the proximal part of superficial medial collateral ligament. Conclusions: We have added to the anatomical knowledge of the structure of the MPFL. Our study has implications for guiding bone tunnel positioning during MPFL reconstruction surgery. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 356–361)
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