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Garden dill is a popular seasoning plant used in central Europe and Asia. It is characterized by a relatively long period of seeds germination, as well as, uneven emergence of seedlings. The aim of research, conducted in the years 2009–2010, was the assessment of the effect of selected emergence improving cultivation treatments on the germination and growth of plants, as well as yield and chemical composition of dill. Twofactorial experiment was established according to randomized split-plot method, in three replications. The first factor involved post – sowing flat soil covering with the use of white polypropylene textile, transparent perforated foil, as well as 2 cm – thick sand layer and 5 cm layer of peat moss mixed with top layer of the soil. In control object post – sowing covering was not applied. The second factor consisted in irrigation. Results obtained in the experiment show that irrigation contributed to the increase in dill herb yield, on average, by 21.4%. Among cultivation treatments applied, including flat covers and mulching, the highest increase in yield was ensured by the use of polypropylene textile (86.8%). It was also shown that dill accumulated nitrates in its leaves only to a small extent. Both irrigation and introduction of flat covers from polypropylene textile and perforated foil, as well as mulching with sand and peat moss did significantly accelerate garden dill emergence.
In July 2009 Necydalis ulmi was found in Bukowa Forest near Szczecin (NW Poland). This species had not been recorded in Poland for the last 100 years. The habitat of this species is characterized. In the area where N. ulmi was found, numerous hollow trees infected with fungus Inonotus obliquus were recorded. It is known that N. ulmi is biologically dependent on this fungus species. Potential locations - in western and south-eastern Poland - where N. ulmi could eventually be found - are listed.
The qualitative and quantitative descriptive models of tree architecture differ in the degree of complexity and the way of mapping tree structure, and thus, are of varied use in forestry. The qualitative, Hallé−Oldeman models, serve as a framework for analyzing tree architecture and help define the different components of a tree branching system. Among the quantitative models (here: horizontal, three−dimensional or vertical ones) the horizontal representations are the most parsimonious, and proved to be useful for examining the effects of competition process and the light conditions within the forest understory. The three−dimensional representations (Quantitative Structural Models; QSMs) have the widest range of applications as they may be used for deriving both the two−dimensional traits (such as crown length or branch height) and the volumetric traits (such as tree crown volume or wood volume). At the same time they are the most complex ones. The vertical models were used to study the impact of local terrain shape and wind conditions on tree architecture, but the way of deriving such models from the QSMs seems excessively laborious. However, we highlight here also a photogrammetric method, which allows to obtain an analogous model in much simpler way. Both three−dimensional and vertical representations are useful for determining the wood quality features. Three−dimensional models can be used to accurately measure tree woody biomass, while horizontal models can be used for reliable biomass estimations.
Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2006-2008 na Uniwersytecie Przyrodniczym we Wrocławiu dotyczące oceny metody produkcji rozsady na wzrost i rozwój Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. w pierwszym roku uprawy. Dwa czynniki brane były pod uwagę: 1 - metoda produkcji rozsady (z rozsady produkowanej w wielodoniczkach i z rozsady tzw. rwanej, pozbawionej bryłki korzeniowej) i 2 - trzykrotne zastosowanie Asahi SL (0,1%) w tygodniowych odstępach czasu. Rośliny produkowane w wielodoniczkach rozwijały się lepiej niż te z rozsady rwanej. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały również, że świeża masa liści i kłączy produkowanych przez rośliny w pierwszym roku uprawy była wyższa na poletkach uprawianych przez rozsadę z wielodoniczek. Dwu- lub trzykrotne zastosowanie Asahi SL przyczyniło się do poprawy wzrostu i rozwoju Belamcanda chinensis.
Phenolic compounds which occur in red cabbage, have strong antioxidant activity, and can be used as substances protecting human cells from oxidation. Field experiment conducted in the years 2007–2009 in Department of Horticulture at Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences involved research on the effect of different nitrogen doses on yield, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of red cabbage. Nitrogen, in the form of ammonium saltpeter, was introduced in the following doses: 50 kg N·ha-1; 150 kg N·ha-1 and 250 (150+100) kg N·ha-1. In the third decade of April red cabbage seeds of ‘Langendijker’ cv. were sown into multipots. The seedlings were planted on 5 m2 – area plots at the end of May. Harvesting took place in the second week of September, when there was assessed marketable and total yield. In samples of red cabbage heads there were estimated the content of nitrates, vitamin C, total and reducing sugars, polyphenols, anthocyanins, as well as dry matter and soluble solids. In order to investigate antioxidant activity there were applied DPPH and ABTS tests. In experiment optimum nitrogen dose for red cabbage was 150 kg N·ha-1. The highest amount of anthocyanins were determined in the leaves of red cabbage fertilized with moderate N dose up 150 kg N·ha-1. The highest antioxidant activity proved to characterize edible parts of red cabbage fertilized with nitrogen in the dose of 50 kg N·ha-1, while the level of total polyphenols featured the lowest values in the conditions of intensive nitrogen fertilization amounting 250 kg N·ha-1.
This paper presents the second part of the results of the first short-term inventory of fungi species occurring in the Biebrza National Park and is focused on a survey of macrofungi. The total number of macrofungi found during the survey in late August 2012 was 289 taxa: 17 ascomycetes and 272 basidiomycetes, inhabiting diverse ecological niches. The identified fungi belonged to ectomycorrhizal symbionts and saprobionts decomposing wood, plant litter and animal remnants. The identity of 25 mycorrhizal fungi species has been confirmed using molecular techniques. Five species are newly reported for Poland (Amanita olivaceogrisea, Lepiota lepida, Stropharia alcis, Xerocomus fennicus, X. cisalpinus) and 225 taxa (79 %) were not known in the Biebrza National Park. Fifty nine species are endangered in Poland, of which nine species are protected by law. Data on species richness and the taxonomic diversity of the identified fungi are briefly commented in terms of their significance for nature conservation and future research.
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