The agriculture in Poland has always been of the peasant's character. This basic feature determines the prior motives of farm functioning, the criteria and procedures of decision making, income distribution, creation of development funds as well as some important relationships between the agriculture and whole national economy. Lasting its systemic features, the peasant's sector of agriculture undergoes structural changes, intensified in last decade in consequence of introduced market economy. Polarization among the peasant's sector was observed in particular: some farms weakened (however still not to be liquidated), whereas the other cumulated their potential becoming stronger and stronger. As a result of liberal agricultural policy began in 1997, drastic break-down of economic situation in agriculture came in 1998, with the drop of prices and farm incomes and increasing difficulties in sales of agricultural products. Polish agriculture, with its considerable surplus of productive potential, entered upon a phase of permanent farm product surplus, what impact on the prices and reduces farmers' income. At recent potential of rural labour force the restructurization of Polish agriculture can not be accomplished, while the migration from rural areas is blocked by either. The condition of whole economy and realized economic policy. One of the most important, a very difficult task and challenge for the Polish agriculture, is to match the growing competition at home and abroad. Morcover, it has also appeared that because of considerable flow of produced in agriculture value added to other sectors - the peasant's farms are unable to self-financing their own development and have to use the transfer funds, which are - under liberal agricultural policy - not available to sufficient extent. Both, the restructurization and modernization of agriculture at financial support from the state budget become at present an urgent necessity and main problem of development. Particularly difficult to resolve - also because of fixed labour market - is relatively high structural unemployment on rural areas, either apparent and the latent one. The paper discussed only three from among substantial problems, the Polish agriculture is faced with on the turn of centuries, and namely: the structural transformations, transfer of value added and incomes, unemployment. Hovever, there is much langer list of other difficult problems.
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