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1

The effects of conventional and minimalist footwear on hip and knee joint kinetics during maximal depth jumps

100%
Sinclair J.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
|
2018
|
tom 10
|
nr 4
Background: ‪The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effects of minimalist and conventional footwear on the loads experienced by the hip and knee joints during the depth jump. Material and methods: ‪Ten male participants performed depth jumps onto a force platform in each footwear condition. Kinematics of the lower extremities were also quantified using an eight-camera infra-red motion capture system, allowing hip and knee kinetics to be calculated. Differences between footwear were tested using paired samples t-tests. Results: Peak hip and knee joint forces were found to be significantly larger in minimalist (hip = 4.62 & knee = 4.74 BW) in comparison to conventional footwear (hip = 4.39 & knee = 4.46 BW). At the hip, average and instantaneous load rates were significantly greater in conventional (average = 64.14 & instantaneous = 234.06 BW/s) compared to minimalist (average = 44.43 & 200.80 BW/s) footwear. At the knee instantaneous load rate was significantly larger in conventional (265.55 BW/s) compared to minimalist (198.07 BW/s) footwear. Conclusions: ‪Given that the load rate is advocated as a more clinically meaningful measure of injury risk the current study shows that minimalist footwear may be most appropriate for those who are susceptible to hip and knee pathologies.
2
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Sex differences in shock attenuation during running

100%
Sinclair J.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
|
2016
|
tom 15
|
nr 3
3
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Gender differences in limb and joint stiffness during the fencing lunge

63%
Sinclair J., Bottoms L.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
|
2015
|
tom 11
|
nr 3
4

Effects of court-specific and minimalist footwear on patellar tendon loading during a maximal change of direction task

63%
Sinclair J., Taylor P. J.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
|
2017
|
tom 09
|
nr 4
The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effects of court shoes, minimalist, energy return and athletic footwear on the loads experienced by the patellar tendon during a maximal change of direction task. Ten male participants performed maximal change of direction movements in court shoes, minimalist, energy return and athletic footwear. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an 8-camera motion capture system; ground reaction forces were quantified using an embedded force platform. Patellar tendon kinetics were examined via a musculoskeletal modelling approach, and the frictional properties of the footwear were examined using ground reaction force information. The results showed that the rate at which the tendon was loaded was significantly larger in minimalist footwear (62.54BW/s) in relation to court (30.41BW/s), energy return (47.17BW/s) and athletic footwear (37.40BW/s). In addition, the coefficient of friction and rotational friction moment were found to be significantly lower in minimalist footwear (0.53 & 15.63Nm) in relation to court (0.57 & 25.04Nm), energy return (0.60 & 18.84Nm) and athletic footwear (0.62 & 19.74Nm). Therefore, the findings from the current investigation indicate that minimalist footwear may place athletes who undertake court-based activities at increased risk from patellar tendinopathy.
5
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Effects of energy boost and springblade footwear on running economy and substrate oxidation

63%
Sinclair J., Dillon S.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
|
2016
|
tom 16
|
nr 4
6

An examination of the hamstring and the quadriceps muscle kinematics during the front and back squat in males

51%
Sinclair J., Brooks D., Atkins S.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
|
2017
|
tom 09
|
nr 1
The aim of the current investigation was to examine the influence of the front and back squat variants on the hamstring and the quadriceps muscles kinematics. Eighteen male participants were recruited with 1 repetition maximum values of 122.7 ±16.4 and 88.7 ±13.9 kg for the back and front squat lifts. Participants completed both back and front squats at 70% of their front squat 1 repetition maximum. The hamstring and the quadriceps muscle kinematics were determined during kinetic situations using motion capture data, in addition to segmental and joint kinematics. Differences between squat conditions were examined using paired samples t-tests.The results showed that there were no differences in either segmental/joint or muscle kinematics between the front and back squat lifts. These findings lead to the conclusion that neither the front nor the back squat conditions differ in terms of their eccentric and concentric recruitment of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles.
7

Effects of semi-custom and off-the-shelf orthoses on Achilles tendon and patellofemoral kinetics in female runners

51%
Sinclair J., Richards J. D., Shore H.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
|
2016
|
tom 08
|
nr 4
Background: The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effects of semi-custom and off-the-shelf orthotics on the loads experienced by the patellofemoral joint and the Achilles tendon in female runners. Material and Methods: Twelve female recreational runners ran at 4.0 m.s‑1 whilst wearing no orthotics, semi-custom orthotics and off-the-shelf orthotics. Kinetics and kinematics of running were obtained via a force platform and a motion capture system. Differences between orthotic conditions werecontrasted using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The results showed thatboth patellofemoral contact force and pressure were significantly lower in the no-orthotic (force = 3.21 B.W & pressure = 8.18 MPa) condition in comparison to the off-the-shelf (force = 3.60 MPa & pressure = 9.07 B.W) and semi-custom orthoses (force = 3.69 B.W & pressure = 9.30 MPa). Conclusions: The current investigation indicates that foot orthoses such as those examined in the current investigation may place female runners at increased risk from patellofemoral disorders, although future prospective research is required before this can be substantiated.
8
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Modelling muscle force distributions during the front and back squat in trained lifters

51%
Sinclair J., Atkins S., Vincent H., Richards J. D.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
|
2016
|
tom 14
|
nr 2
9

The effect of front and back squat techniques on peak loads experienced by the Achilles tendon

45%
Sinclair J., Edmundson C., Atkins S., Taylor P. J., Vincent H.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
|
2015
|
tom 07
|
nr 3
Background: A primary technique in the discipline of strength and conditioning the squat has two principal ‘back and front’ variants. Despite the physiological and strength benefits of the squat, the propensity for musculoskeletal injury is high. The current investigation examined the influence of the front and back squat variations on the load experienced by the Achilles tendon. Material/Methods: Achilles tendon loads were obtained from eighteen experienced male participants as they completed both back and front squats. Differences between squat conditions were examined using Bonferroni adjusted (p = 0.0125) paired t-tests. Results: The results showed that the peak Achilles tendon load was significantly greater in the back squat (2.67 ±0.74 B.W) condition compared to the front squat (2.37 ±0.69 B.W). Conclusions: Given the proposed relationship between the magnitude of the load experienced by the Achilles tendon and tendon pathology, the back squat appears to place lifters at greater risk from Achilles tendon injury. Therefore, it may be prudent for lifters who are predisposed to Achilles tendon pathology to utilize the front squat in their training.
10

Plantar pressure distribution in ice skates while gliding and standing compared to barefoot and trainer conditions

45%
Greenhalgh A., Chatterly F., Blewitt C., Sinclair J., Chockalingam N.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
|
2013
|
tom 05
|
nr 4
Background: The aim of this study was to identify whether there are differences between plantar pressure distributions experienced whilst wearing ice skates during ice-gliding, compared to standing whilst barefoot, wearing trainers and wearing ice skates. The results of this study aim to provide a greater understanding of the distribution of the pressure through the ice skate to the human musculoskeletal system. Material/Methods: Nine female participants were recruited for this study (age 36.6 years ± 15.3, mass 63.7kg ± 7.4 height 1.63m ± 4.1). Pressure applied to the plantar surface of the feet was recorded at 50Hz using an F-Scan sensor. Data was collected for 5 seconds while participants performed an ice glide in their own ice skates. Standing data was collected over the same period of time while participants stood still on a carpeted surface wearing their own ice skates, their own trainers and cotton socks without shoes. For each condition 10 trials of data were collected. Results: The results reported similar peak pressure distributions under the plantar region of the foot for standing and ice gliding while wearing ice skates. Furthermore, the results identified a shift of peak pressure values to the forefoot and midfoot regions whilst wearing ice skates compared to trainers. Conclusions: This research suggests information on plantar pressures during ice gliding may be obtained from standing data in future research and that ice skates may expose the wearer to an increased risk of plantar pressure related injuries in the forefoot/midfoot regions of the feet.
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