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The aim of this experiment was to establish the effect of the ProBio OriginalTM preparation (hereinafter "preparation") on the composting process of biologically degradable waste in garden composters. The first stage of research was focused on the effect of different concentrations of the preparation onto the composting process in garden composters. Monitored parameters were the effect of the preparation on the course of temperatures during the composting process, material volume decrease and effect on the quality of the composted material. The input raw material was freshly cut grass provided by Centrální kompostárna (Central Composting Plant) Brno, a.s. The experiment was carried out in five garden composters (290 L) for a period of 13 weeks. Three composters were enriched with the preparation at different concentrations, two of them were reference composters. During the experiment, the course of the composting process was monitored (temperature, loss in material volume) as well as the compost quality (C/N ratio, nutrients, heavy metals).During the experiment, a positive influence was observed of the preparation on the course of temperature in the composters. The enriched composters reached in the mineralization phase the thermophilic temperature ranges for a period of two weeks. The rate of composted material volume reduction in the composters with the preparation was higher than that in the reference composters. Moreover, a positive effect of the preparation was observed on the compost quality. As compared with composts from the reference composters, Ca and Mg concentrations in the resulting compost from the enriched composters were higher. The effect of the preparation on the concentration of other nutrients was not demonstrated.
As livestock production has decreased dramatically in the Czech Republic in the last 25 years, the amount of organic fertilizers applied to farmland has also declined. In the interest of the effect of organic materials applied to arable land, we took advantage of a long-term fertilizer experiment in Prague-Ruzyně to evaluate the influence of mineral fertilizer and mineral fertilizer combined with organic fertilizers on grain and straw yield and quality parameters of our most important arable crop, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We evaluated nine fertilizer treatments: Control, Np, PKNp, NPK, NPK+farmyard manure (NPK+FYM), NPK+cattle slurry (NPK+CS), NPK+cattle slurry+straw (NPK+CS+straw), NPK+pig slurry (NPK+PS) and NPK+pig slurry+straw (NPK+PS+straw) in two successive seasons (2010 and 2011). In 2010, the mean grain yields were 4.8, 6.47, 8.77, 9.19, 9.26 and 9.38 t ha-1 in Control, Np, NPK, NPK+FYM, NPK+CS and NPK+CS+straw treatments, respectively. One year later, the mean grain yields were 5.29, 5.35, 8.06, 8.84, 9.01 and 9.52 t ha-1 in Control, PKNp, NPK, NPK+FYM, NPK+PS+straw and NPK+PS treatments, respectively. The straw yield, seed bulk density, crude protein content, starch content and Zeleny sedimentation test value were also significantly influenced by fertilizer treatments. Comparing Control, FYM and FYM+NPK treatments in 2010 and 2011, significant differences were recorded in straw yield, seed bulk density, crude protein content, starch content and Zeleny sedimentation test value. We concluded that the grain and straw yield, together with grain technological parameters can be significantly influenced by the application of mineral and organic fertilizers and can significantly differ between seasons. A combination of mineral and organic fertilizers can even directly increase yield and quality parameters in comparison to mineral fertilizers applied alone.
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