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Fermented tea broth (known as Kombucha) has been used for ages in many countries, especially in Japan, Russia, China and Eastern Europe. Nowadays, this beverage is generally regarded a universal natural medicament having a strengthening effect on the human body. Kombucha beverage is popular because of its favourable effect on human health. Its composition includes: B vitamins, C vitamin, mineral components and organic acids. It is believed that Kombucha decreases the risk of cancer, prevents circulation disorders, improves the function of the digestive system, mitigates inflammatory conditions and has a favourable effect on the skin, hair and nails. The composition and properties of tea are well documented. Regrettably, the scientific information on the composition, effect on human body and properties of Kombucha is sparse. The goal of this paper is to present the properties and composition of Kombucha beverage as well as its biological activity and potential favourable effect on the human body.
γ-Lactones are well known organic compounds. They can be isolated from many different plants, e.g. from Asteraceae (Compositae) family. They are used as active ingredients of various medicinal herbs and exhibit a variety of biological activities, i.e. antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and others. Among described compounds vernolide (7) is characterized by high antimicrobial activity; epoxy compounds like glaucolide (13) and hirsutinolide (24, 25, 26) possess high anticancer activity. Other noteworthy γ-lactone is vernopicrin (14) that shows antimalarial activity. Some of the γ-lactones possess interesting aromatic and flavon properties, which make them desirable ingredients in perfumery and food industry. Further studies to determine relationship between properties and complex composition are caused by diversity of structures and potential activities of γ-lactones. It can be used to design new analogues with interesting pharmacological, flavon and olfactory properties. This paper reviews selected studies concerning γ-lactones and their various biological activities.
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