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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activity of fatteners« immune system through the determination of changes in the serum immunoglobulin levels against the background of the microbial pollutants in the fattening house air. The studies performed revealed a very high level of microbial exposure in the air of a fattening house, where the total count of mesophylic bacteria reached the 2.5 × 10⁶ CFU/m³ level. A high contribution of Gram-negative bacteria was established, whose mean concentration in the air was 5.2 × 10³ CFU/m³. The first experimental series showed the immune activity level to be stable and similar in all the investigated animal groups. Age-dependent differences were noted within each class, the most marked within class G proteins. Moreover, the immunoglobulin concentrations differed statistically between the animal groups assessed and the differences referred mainly to the class M and G immunoglobulin. A level of IgA determined at similar levels may imply that, irrespective of a genotypic structure, a local humoral response of the animals was activated with the same force. A stable and high level of IgG concentration may prove the production of the secondary humoral immune response in fatteners. A simultaneous sustaining growth of IgA and IgM antibodies suggested that throughout the fattening period, the animals were exposed to ever newer antigens.
The aim of this study was to analyze microbial pollution and composition of the air in the meat waste processing plant. The analysis was carried out 3 times. Air samples for microbiological analysis were collected in 4 control points in plant area: in “dirty sector” - in sectional hall, in “clean" sector - destructors’ hall and product magazine, and outside the object, I.e., 100 m from the edge of the site. The study showed a relatively high air microbial contamination of facility and its surroundings. In composition of the microbial species there were detected Gram - positive bacteria, including staphylococci and streptococci, Gram-negative bacteria and coryneforms. Among the mold fungi, the presence of the genus Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusahum, Acremonium, Ulocladium, Botryotrichum and Cladosporium was identified.
The present research assessed the treatment effi ciency of odorogenous pollutants in air from a hatchery hall vented on organic and organic-mineral beds of an enclosed-container biofi lter. In this study, the following media were used: organic medium containing compost and peat (OM); organic-mineral medium containing bentonite, compost and peat (BM); organic-mineral medium containing halloysite, compost and peat (HM). The concentration of odorogenous gaseous pollutants (sulfur compounds and amines) in the hatching room air and in the air after biotreatment were determined by gas chromatography. In the hatchery hall among the typical odorogenous pollutants, there were determined 2 amines: 2-butanamine and 2-pentanamine, hydrogen sulfi de, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfi de, sulfi des and mercaptans. Ethyl mercaptan showed the highest levels as its mean concentration in the hatchery hall air exceeded 60 μg/m3 and in single samples even 800 μg/m3. A mean concentration of 2-butanamine and sulfur dioxide in the examined air also appeared to be relatively high – 21.405 μg/m3 and 15.279 μg/m3, respectively. In each fi lter material, the air treatment process ran in a different mode. As the comparison reveals, the mean reduction of odorogenous contaminants recorded in the hall and subjected to biotreatment was satisfying as it surpassed 60% for most established pollutants. These high removal values were confi rmed statistically only for single compounds. However, a low removal level was reported for hydrogen sulfi de and sulfur dioxide. No reduction was recorded in the bentonite supplemented medium (BM) for sulfur dioxide and methyl mercaptan. In the organic medium (OM) no concentration fall was noted for dipropyl sulfi de either. In all the media investigated, the highest removal rate (100%), not confi rmed statistically, was observed for carbon disulfi de. Very good results were obtained in the medium with a bentonite additive (BM) for both identifi ed amines, whose mean elimination rate exceeded 60% (p≤0.05). The present research proved that diethyl sulfi de is most susceptible to biofi ltration (over 80%) in the bed supplemented with halloysite (HM) and bentonite (BM) (p≤0.05).
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