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Próbki aerozolu pobierano w Katowicach i Zabrzu, równolegle na stanowisku komunikacyjnym i tła miejskiego za pomocą 13-stopniowych impaktorów kaskadowych (DLPI fi rmy Dekati). Zawartość rtęci Hgp oznaczono metodą CVAAS (MA-2 fi rmy NIC). Rozkład masy Hgp względem wielkości cząstek miał zasadniczo charakter bimodalny. Główna wartość modalna rozkładu (maksimum) występowała w przedziale cząstek 0,4–1 μm (tzw. frakcja akumulacji). Natomiast druga mniejsza moda była zorientowana lokalnie i występowała w przedziale cząstek drobnych (0,108– –0,17 μm – Zabrze) lub grubych (2,5–4,4 μm – Katowice), zależnie od źródła pochodzenia Hgp.
Research concerning the ambient particulate matter (PM) in the indoor environment has attracted much interest lately. Most often, studies concern some aspect of PM mass concentrations for the PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ fractions and less often the chemical composition of the indoor PM. In the framework of this study, an overview of the existing data in the literature concerning PM in the indoor environment of non-residential buildings has been compiled. An in-depth literature review indicates a lack of comprehensive research data regarding the state and quality of atmospheric air in non-residential buildings. It also highlights an emerging need for more knowledge on the indoor/outdoor air pollution relationships in such facilities. Although several studies underline the topics connected to the concentrations and chemical properties of PM in public utility environments, like offices, kindergartens, schools, churches, libraries, or in occupational environments, only a limited number of those are concerned with its presence inside sports facilities. The concentration of PM in the indoor air of closed sports venues is an important parameter for the users of these facilities due to the potentially harmful effects associated with PM inhalation. This negative influence includes the loss of athletic performance and health reflected by, among other factors, the loss of lung capacity and decreased lung function.
Our study was aimed at assessing the effects of indoor and outdoor emission sources on indoor and outdoor concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM) and PM-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a small sawmill in Silesia, Poland. The concentrations of total suspended particles (TSP), of their respirable fraction (PM₄), and of 16 PM₄- and TSP-bound PAHs were measured. The indoor PM emission sources (i.e. the saw and other tools for wood processing) did not cause a significant hazard to the sawmill workers. Nonetheless, the concentrations of the 16 PAH mixtures within the sawmill were high, especially indoors. Such high indoor PM-bound PAH concentrations were due to sawdust-adsorbing PAHs coming from industrial PAH sources beyond the sawmill (a cokery).
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of traffic-origin, adsorbed on PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter in Zabrze, Upper Silesia, Poland, is investigated for summer 2005. Exposure levels for the particulate PAHs near the crossroads is about 66 ng/m³ and 44 ng/m³ for PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. The relative concentration increase of these compounds in road intersections compared to the concentration away from traffic emissions is equal to 189% and 237% for PAHs associated with PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. The fingerprint of PAHs contained in PM2.5 is distinctly different near the crossroads compared to the urban background site, while the fingerprints of PAHs contained in PM10 at both sites are almost the same.
Our paper presents the results of the first one-year measurement series of total gaseous mercury collected at an automatic air quality monitoring station in the village of Granica (Granica-KPN). The measurement series of mercury concentrations was used to estimate the model that identifies the influence of selected measurement results, both imission and meteorological ones, on the concentration of gaseous mercury in the air. Such a model can be a useful tool for the estimation of gaseous mercury concentration over a certain area, and for the estimation of the mercury deposition rate, as well as for the reduction of costs of expensive measuring devices used for recording concentration of that air pollutant. The advantage of the presented method for mercury concentration identification is the relatively low cost of acquiring precise results, when meteorological conditions are known and the measurements of imission are significantly connected with mercury. Such a low cost is related, first of all, to the computation time and the software, assuming that the considered analytical system is fully functional. The disadvantages include the need to have measurement series without gaps in data. It is a practical problem for which the solution is stochastic interpolations as proposed in this paper. In order to obtain precise resultant estimations of a variable we need to have high-quality input data - in a sense it is a truism that is often not sufficiently implemented in practice. For this reason, a detailed diagnosis of measurement data is required, including stochastic- exploratory tools, which were presented in this paper in their most effective implementation. It is essential not to include in calculations those data that contain errors, e.g. having an influential or atypical character in relation to other distributions or measurements. These errors in the data will be transferred onto results unless they are identified in the initial phase of modeling. Mean annual TGM concentration was equal to 1.52 ng·m⁻³ and was considerably lower than in other parts of Poland. Seasonal variability of TGM concentration was observed, and the TGM concentration was higher in the winter period than in summer. Mean concentration of TGM in the winter period (heating season) was equal to 1.65 ng·m⁻³, but in the summer it reached 1.40 ng·m⁻³. The TGM concentration at the GranicaKPN station was influenced mostly by local emission sources, in both warm and cold periods of the year. The analysis of fluxes of total gaseous mercury proved that the state of air pollution with mercury in the surroundings of the station also was influenced by the sources of a high emission rate in the winter period, located in WSW, W, and WNW sectors.
The study concerns the assessment of the traffic influence on the concentrations of three particulate matter (PM) fractions and their basic components. The PM samples were collected simultaneously at two receptors in Katowice. The measurement sites represented the so-called urban background and traffi c points. The contents of the organic and elementary carbon as well as water-soluble ions were determined in the samples. It has been observed that the traffic (car engines) pollution emissions enrich the submicron and fine PM particles with the elementary carbon at a typical urban background in southern Poland. On the other hand, the infl uence of the re-suspension of the road and soil dust, caused by traffic, on the concentrations and chemical composition is observed for the coarse PM fraction.
As people spend most of the time in closed spaces (flats, workplaces, schools etc.), the indoor air has been researched for many years all over the world. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most often examined pollutants in the indoor and outdoor air. The following study presents the facts about PM in closed spaces and the most often taken actions. The least known aspects related to the indoor air pollution with PM are demonstrated. The indoor space of various service and office buildings/facilities (not related to production, i.e. offices, shops, beauty parlours, restaurant kitchens, restaurants, pubs etc.) seem to be an unrecognized area in the air pollution studies. Importantly, a great number of people work in such spaces all over the world and thus spend there a large part of their lives.
Badania nad występowaniem węgla w powietrzu wewnętrznym wybranych uczelni w Polsce. Prezentowane badania miały na celu rozpoznanie stężeń submikronowego pyłu (PM1) i związanego z nim węgla organicznego (OC) i elementarnego (EC) w sali wykładowej i tzw. laboratorium studenckim. W pracy omówiono zmienność 24-godzinnych stężeń PM1, OC i EC w obu pomieszczeniach (I, ang. indoor) oraz w powietrzu atmosferycznym (O, ang. outdoor), a także przeanalizowano stosunek I do O. Na przełomie wiosny i lata, niezależnie od lokalizacji (Gliwice – laboratorium studenckie, Warszawa – sala wykładowa), stężenie węgla elementarnego (EC) i organicznego (OC) wewnątrz sal dydaktycznych kształtowała intensywność migracji tych zanieczyszczeń wraz z powietrzem atmosferycznym. Tym samym można uznać, że w żadnym z badanych pomieszczeń dydaktycznych nie występuje istotne źródło OC i EC. Mimo to należy zauważyć, że warunki sprzyjające sorpcji różnych zanieczyszczeń, w tym zwłaszcza związków organicznych tworzących grupę OC na cząstkach pyłu, zmieniają się dynamicznie w czasie i przestrzeni. Wydaje się, że w innym okresie pomiarowym, na przykład w zimie, kiedy wietrzenie sal jest rzadsze a pył atmosferyczny ma inny skład, kumulacja zanieczyszczeń, w tym OC, wewnątrz sal może być większa niż w okresie ciepłym.
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