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Background: Bamei pigs are special germplasm resources in Qinghai. In the specific environment of the Qinghai plateau, local breeds, through long-term natural and artificial selection, have acquired a relatively stable population structure and genetic diversity. This study revealed Bamei pigs’ genetic diversity at the molecular level and the degree of introgression of commercial breeds into Bamei pigs. Methods: The mitochondrial DNA D-loop region was amplified and sequenced using the ABI 3130 DNA sequencer. Sequences were collected, edited and aligned using the MEGA 5.0, DNASTAR and ClustalX 1.81 software. Haplotypes of all sequences and genetic diversity were analyzed by DnaSP 5.0 software. Results and conclusions: We identified a total of 73 polymorphic sites in our 489 novel sequences, including 1 single variable site and 72 parsimony informative sites. Genetic diversity was analyzed in this study. The results showed that haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and the average number of nucleotide differences of Bamei pigs were lower than those of commercial pigs. Synthetic evaluation of genetic diversity through principal component analysis indicated that Bamei pigs also showed low genetic diversity. In summary, the results of sequence analysis showed that Bamei pigs were low in genetic diversity, and the introgression of commercial pigs into Bamei pigs was serious.
The objective of this study was to determine effects of active immunization against the recombinant second extracellular loop of sheep β2 -adrenoceptor (rBAR) on growth performance, carcass parameters, internal organ weight, and some blood biochemical parameters of rats. Forty five six-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly allocated to three groups and received active immunization of rBAR (rBAR-immune group) or adjuvant by subcutaneous injection (contol goup), or oral administration of β-agonist clenbuterol hydrochloride (clenbuterol goup). Results showed that active immunization against rBAR displayed significant antibody titer responses. Growth performance, feed intake, carcass weight and leg muscle weight of rats were increased by oral administration of clenbuterol (P<0.05), but not by rBAR immunization. rBAR immunization increased weight of liver and lungs, and decreased blood urea nitrogen and triglycerides of rats (P<0.05). Abdomen fat weight and concentration of total cholesterol tended to decreased by rBAR immunization (P=0.11 and P=0.087). The results implied that antibody raised against the recombinant second extracellular loop of sheep β2 -AR can mimic part functions of β-agonist.
Fruit ripening is generally attributed to disassembly of cellular wall, particularly due to solubilisation and depolymerisation of pectin and hemicellulose. Experiments were conducted to test effects of hydroxyl radicals (OH) on the scission of cellular wall polysaccharides from pulp tissues of banana fruit at different ripening stage. Cellular wall materials were isolated from pulp tissues of banana fruit at different ripening stages. Two pectic fractions, water soluble pectin (WSP) and acid soluble pectin (ASP), and two hemicellulosic fractions, 1 M KOH soluble hemicellulose (HC1) and 4 M KOH soluble hemicellulos (HC2), were obtained from the cellular wall materials from pulp tissues, respectively. Effects of OH induced by the Fenton reaction on the scission of pectin and hemicellulose in vitro were investigated. As fruit ripening progressed, the sugar components of the WSP, HC1 and HC2 attacked by OH showed obvious molecular-mass downshifts. Thus, OH caused the disassembly of polysaccharides (WSP, ASP, HC1 and HC2) from cellular walls of pulp tissues of banana fruit, demonstrated by the reduced molecular mass distribution. Moreover, OH production in pulp tissues increased significantly as banana fruit ripened, which further help account for the role of OH in accelerated fruit ripening.
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