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The paper presents results concerning the content of nickel in leaves, inflorescence, stalks and roots of maize cultivated in aquacultures with various concentrations of nickel in the mediums (0; 0.31; 0.62; 1.25; 1.87; 2.Si); 3.12; 3.75; 4.37 and 5.00 mg Ni/dm3). The highest content of nickel was found in roots (26.4-32.56 mg/kg d.m.), then in stalks (1.3-149 mg/kg d.m.), and the lowest in leaves (1.8-110 mg/kg d.m.) and in inflorescence (1.8-109.1 mg/kg d.m.). Among the examined leaves, the oldest contained the most nickel (leaves 1, 2 and 3). The content of nickel decreased successively in younger leaves, but only up to 6th level. The youngest leaves (levels 7-9) showed a tendency for an increasing content of nickel. Only the highest concentration of Ni in the medium - 5 mg Ni/dm3 had a toxic effect and caused a decrease in maize yield. The decline in tops yield was about 30% in relation to the control. Toxic activity of nickel was observed with Ni concentration in the medium 4 37 mg Ni/dm3 and the metal content in maize leaves 110 mg Ni/kg d.m.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki dotyczące zawartości i rozmieszczenia niklu w bobiku uprawianym w warunkach kultur wodnych przy różnych koncentracjach niklu w pożywce (0; 0,5; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 8,0; 8,5; 9,0; 9,5 i 10,0 mg Ni·dm⁻³). Stwierdzono, że zawartość niklu w bobiku zależała od koncentracji tego pierwiastka w podłożu i od analizowanej części rośliny. Im wyższą dawkę niklu zastosowano, tym wyższy wzrost zawartości niklu odnotowano w bobiku. Najwyższe zawartości niklu oznaczono w korzeniach, niższe w liściach, a najniższe w łodygach. Dawki niklu powyżej 5,0 mg·dm⁻³ wywoływały objawy toksycznego oddziaływania niklu na rośliny.
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In the present paper arable soils of the Upper Silesia were evaluated as to copper, zinc, manganese and iron contents, determined in the same extract, i.e. 1 M dm-3 HCl. The studies comprised 20 points in the vicinity of Sosnowiec and 20 points from near Zawiercie. Soil abundance in the available forms of microelements was assessed on the basis of the limiting numbers suggested by the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation. Soils of Zawiercie and Sosnowiec belonged to those with high contents of zinc in all the cases; in the majority of objects these were the soils with medium contents of copper and manganese. In half of the cases, the soils were classified as possessing low iron content, and in the remaining half as having medium iron content.
The result of two field experiments have been the subject of investigations. One experiment was set up in Prusy on degraded chernozem while the other one in Wierzbica on brown soil developed from talus sand. A scheme for each experiment included 8 objects which differed by the species of nurse and companion crops. Triticale, spring wheat, small beans, red clover and Italian ryegrass were selected test plants in Prusy, while triticale, oat, yellow lupine, serradella and orchardgrass were test plants in Wierzbica. The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na were assessed in grains, seeds and straw. Beneficial influence of companion crops on triticale yield was found but their negative effect was observed on small beans and wheat (grains). In Wierzbica, a decline in yield was due to serradella presence among lupine and triticale. In all species of nurse-plants investigated in both experiments the presence of companion crop caused an increase in nitrogen content in straw. In Prusy an increase in triticale was about 100%, whereas in Wierzbica it was much lower, only 40%. Generally, no influence of companion crop on phosphorus and potassium contents was observed in the investigated plants. The presence of companion crop, both in cereals and legumes, caused a raise in calcium content in straw and grains, and magnesium content in straw.
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