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The basic form of pollution is characterized by a microscopic size and solid state and it is called particulates or particulate matter. Unfortunately, these forms undergo a variety of transformations, which consequently can sometimes be easily modified and even cause an increase in their toxicity. This work was devoted to join the composition of various materials being residues after different combustion processes with the distribution of elements and molecules within studied surfaces. The content of chosen elements was determined using ICP-MS and ICP-OES methods. Elemental and/or molecular distribution was studied using surface sensitive techniques, SEM-EDS and ToF-SIMS. The obtained results revealed that the composition and morphology of particles are strongly influenced by the type of material and combustion conditions.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of thromboelastometry for the analysis of blood test results in goats after the use of hemostatic dressings to control massive bleeding. The study was carried out on 12 goats, 6 animals in each of two subgroups. In all experimental animals incision of the femoral artery was performed, and bleeding was controlled with QuikClot gauze in the first group and Celox gauze in the second group. Dressings were applied for 60 minutes. Blood samples for thromboelastometry were collected from the jugular vein before the incision and 60 min after the application of a dressing. Clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT), maximum clot firmness (MCF) and α angle (°) were measured in three standard ROTEM assays (system with generation of reaction curve, numerical parameters and size of the blood clot): intrinsic coagulation pathway (INTEM), extrinsic coagulation pathway (EXTEM) and functional fibrinogen (FIBTEM). Complete hemostasis of the injured femoral artery was found in all goats. No significant differences between pre- and post-incision thromboelastometric parameters were found in any tests in any of the groups, which indicates that the use of dressings was not associated with blood coagulation disorders. This study is the first to describe the use of thromboelastometry in goats for the assessment of clot formation and hemostatic disorders.
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