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1

Impact of deforestation on changes of ion share in chemical composition of waters of the Malinowski stream along longitudinal hydrochemical profiles

100%
Kosmowska A.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus
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2019
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tom 18
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nr 3
Aim of the study The aim of the study was to determine the changes of ion share in chemical composition of water with the catchment area increase along longitudinal hydrochemical profiles in an area affected by an ecological disaster. Material and methods The research was conducted in the Malinowski stream catchment in the Skrzyczne massif in the Silesian Beskid mountain range from 2013 to 2014. The catchment was divided into smaller sub-catchments (dependent and independent) and 6 longitudinal profiles were separated along the catchment with the increase in the catchment area surface. Water samples were collected in catchments with a different deforestation level on a monthly basis and its physical and chemical features (pH, EC25°C, Tw) were measured. The chemical composition of water was determined with the ion chromatography method (DIONEX 2000) in the range of 14 ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, Li⁺, HCO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, NO²⁻, NO₃⁻, PO₄³⁻, Br⁻, F⁻). Results and conclusions The conducted research showed the impact of deforestation on the ion share in the chemical composition of water. In the deforested catchments, an increase in the share of SO₄²⁻, and a decrease in the share of HCO₃⁻ were observed. The share of SO₄²⁻ in the waters that were draining the deforested catchment was so high that it occured in the first position in the water’s hydrochemical type, while the concentration of HCO₃⁻ was so low that its share was minimal. The analysis of hydrochemical types changes along longitudinal profiles showed the difference in chemical composition of waters draining the upper, deforested zone in comparison to the lower, forested zone. As the catchment area increases, the importance of NO₃⁻ decreases and the importance of HCO₃⁻ increases. If the research was conducted exclusively in the profile that closes the Malinowski stream catchment it would show that the catchment is a typical Carpathian catchment in hydrochemical terms, where bicarbonates are in the first place in water chemical composition. The analysis of water chemical composition conducted in the longitudinal profiles enables the identification of hydrochemical effects of the degradation of forest stand in mountain catchment.
2
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Wpływ wylesień na krótkoterminowe zmiany składu chemicznego wody w zlewni Potoku Malinowskiego (Beskid Śląski)

51%
Kosmowska A., Zelazny M., Malek S., Siwek J. P.
Sylwan
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2015
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tom 159
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nr 09
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of deforestation caused by environmental pollution on the chemical composition of stream waters draining the small catchments located in the Skrzyczne massif (Beskid Śląski, southern Poland). In the 1950−60s this area was subjected to heavy anthropogenic pressure with excessive deposition of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. It resulted in the damage to the stands and deforestation of the ridge fragments of the studied area. The study was conducted in the catchment of the Malinowski Stream and its two subcatchments: forested and deforested in 2013. Waters of the studied streams characterized by low conductivity and mineralization. In the ridge subcatchments they were slightly acidic and in the main catchment – slightly alkaline. In all catchments anions were predominated by sulfates – with the largest in the deforested catchment (31% mval/L). Also nitrates had very large share in the structure of the chemical composition of water, particularly in the forested catchment (15% mval/L). Interestingly, there were low levels of bicarbonates, particularly in the ridge catchments, with their share lower than sulfates and nitrates. Cations in all streams were predominated by calcium. The structure of the chemical composition of water of the Malinowski Stream, expressed by the average share of individual ions was as follows: SO4−HCO3−NO3−Cl−F−Ca−Na−Mg−K−NH4, and in the case of streams draining small ridge catchments: – SO4−NO3−HCO3−Cl−F−Ca−Na−Mg−K−NH4. Conductivity of water decreased together with increased water levels in streams during floods. In the deforested catchment this decrease was more evident. The reaction of nitrate concentration to the increase in water level was however different, as in the stream draining the forested catchment it decreased sharply, while in the deforested catchment it decreased slightly or remained at the similar level. In the dry periods the chemical composition of waters of the examined streams were subject to far less change than during the floods, with the changes of e.g. conductivity being much higher in the stream draining the forested catchment.
3

Impact of deforestation on water chemistry in the western Tatras and Beskid Slaski range in the Polish Carpathians

51%
Kosmowska A., Zelazny M., Malek S., Stanczyk T.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus
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2018
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tom 17
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nr 3
The article describes the research into the impact of deforestation on the values of physicochemical traits and chemical composition of waters which drain the catchments covered with forest, and those that have been deforested, in the western part of Polish Carpathians. The research was carried out in independent catchments in the Skrzyczne massif in the Beski Śląski (Silesian Beskidy Range) in 2013–2014, and in the Kościeliska Valley in the Western Tatras in 2015–2016. During field studies, water samples were collected monthly in catchments with various degrees of deforestation, and the physicochemical characteristics of water were measured (pH, PEW, Tw). In the laboratory, the chemical composition of water, specifically the content of 14 ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, Li⁺, HCO₃⁻ , SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, NO2 ⁻, NO₃⁻ , PO₄³⁻ , Br⁻, F⁻), was determined by means of ion chromatography (DIONEX 2000). The conducted research has shown the impact of deforestation on the value of physical and chemical traits and chemical composition of water. Deforestation of the slopes caused changes in the structure of the chemical composition of water, especially in the area of correlations between anions. In the Tatras, in the basins deforested as a result of windfall, a significant increase in the proportion of NO₃⁻ (% mval ∙ dm⁻³) in the anionic element of the chemical composition of water was observed, and in the Beskid Śląski, in catchments deforested due to the tree stand decay associated with the imission of pollutants, a significant increase in SO₄²⁻ (% mval ∙ dm⁻³) and a significant decrease in HCO₃⁻ (% mval ∙ dm⁻³) in the anionic structure of the chemical composition of waters was observed. These examples document the extremely important role played by forests, which cover mountain slopes, in the hydrochemical functioning of the catchment. In the spatial aspect, there is an unusual phenomenon of hydrochemical mosaicism consisting in the occurrence of different relationships between anions, especially hydrogen carbonates, sulphates and nitrates.
4
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Effect of deforestation on water chemistry in the Kościeliska Valley in the Western Tatras in southern Poland

51%
Zelazny M., Kosmowska A., Stanczyk T., Mickiewicz M.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
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2017
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tom 49
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nr 3
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