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The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), chlorine dioxide and trisodium phosphate (TSP) in the reduction of contamination levels regarding total microbial count, coliform bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Enteritidis in chicken carcasses after a decontamination process. Experimental material comprised skin sections from the neck collected from chickens on the production line. Each sample consisted of skin sections coming from three carcasses, each at approx. 20 g. Next each section was divided into two parts, one being the control and the other was the tested sample. Samples were decontaminated by immersion in solutions of analyzed antimicrobial compounds. Control samples and samples after decontamination were subjected to microbiological analysis in which total microbial count, coliform bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus were determined in accordance with the standards PN-EN ISO 4833:2004, PN-ISO 4831:1998, PN-EN-ISO 6888-1:2001 and PN-EN-ISO 6888-1:2001/A:2004, while Salmonella Enteritidis was determined according to the recommendations of the manufacturer of the Chromagar Salmonella Plus medium. An effective antibacterial effect of the applied compounds was found in the limitation of bacterial counts on chicken carcasses. The greatest reduction of total bacterial count, amounting to approx. 25%, was shown when applying acidified sodium chlorite. Trisodium phosphate was the most effective agent against coliform bacteria, reducing their number by 92%. The best antibacterial effect in relation to Staphylococcus aureus was obtained using chlorine dioxide. A 44% reduction of the count of Salmonella Enteritidis was observed for all the applied compounds. A considerable decrease in the level of microbial contamination in poultry carcasses, including pathogens, effectively enhances the standard of health safety in poultry meat.
The objective of this study was to analyze and estimate the epizootic situation of Aujeszky's disease (AD) in Wielkopolska voivodeship the biggest pig producing region of Poland in the years 2001-2005. Results of serological tests performed independently in the Regional Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (RVDL) in Poznañ (the capitol of Wielkopolska voivodeship) and in the Department of Swine Diseases of the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) in Pu³awy are shown. A total number of 3584 pig sera from 480 pig farms were tested in RVDL Poznañ and 15 910 swine serum samples from 331 pig holdings were examined in NVRI Pu³awy. Serological monitoring studies revealed the presence of AD virus (ADV) antibodies in 9.2% and 1.54% pig sera, respectively. The higher percentage of positive serum samples detected by RVDL Poznañ than by NVRI Pu³awy was probably due to the fact that the sera tested by RVDL were taken from pigs with some health problems and that ones examined by NVRI came mostly from pigs from farms with a high health status (e.g. breeding and/or reproduction farms). On the other hand it is worth noticing that the seropositive pigs were found in 15.6% (RVDL) and 11.67% (NVRI) of the tested farms. From the results obtained it seems that the epizootic situation of AD was quite stable in the years 2001-2005, and the pig population in Wielkopolska voivodeship is not heavily infected with ADV. These findings should be taken into account before an AD eradication program will be implemented in this region of Poland.
The paper presents the epidemiological situation regarding Aujeszky’s disease in pigs from the Wielkopolska region, starting from the first recorded cases of the disease in the 1950s. Serological studies carried out in the 1960s and 1970s detected seroreagents at the level of 11.1% and 12.8% respectively, while the results obtained in the years from 2001 to 2005 showed an infection of 9.2% of pigs that came from 15.6% of the tested herds. The occurrence of Aujeszky’s disease in pigs for over 60 years in the Wielkopolska region was the cause of the unfavorable epidemiological situation and economic problems in this area. The implementation of an eradication program for Aujeszky’s disease in pigs in of the Wielkopolska voivodeship started in May 2008, and in the first year 9.25% herds were discovered as infected, based on the positive results of serological testing. The level of infection in the following years of the program (2009-2013) revealed a rapid decreasing tendency to the levels of: 6.55%, 2.5%, 0.26%, 0.03% and 0.007%, respectively, in each year. In the period from 2008 to 2013, within the scope of the program in the Wielkopolska voivodeship, 2 578 652 serological tests were performed, and the eradication was based either on the principle of “vaccination–eradication”, or the slaughter of all animals in infected herds with a small herd size. During the implementation of the eradication program for Aujeszky’s disease, 1 709 204 pigs were vaccinated with the usage of deleted vaccine, and 119 537 were slaughtered. Since the beginning of 2014 extensive monitoring studies have been carried out, and on 5 August 2014, all 34 counties of the Wielkopolska voivodeship have been declared as free of Aujeszky’s disease. Maintaining this status in the forthcoming years will allow the recognition of the entire Polish territory officially free of Aujeszky’s disease virus in pigs.
The publication presents the results of monitoring Q fever in the Wielkopolska Voivodeship and three outbreaks disclosed as part of a clinical field practice. In five years (2011–2015) of examination in the Wielkopolska Voivodeship, 2,431 serological tests were carried out (1,851 in sheep, 343 in goats and 237 in cattle). Antibodies against Coxiella burneti were found three times. The first positive result in 2011 affected herds of goats and cattle and was confirmed in the reference laboratory of the National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy. A specific DNA sequence for Coxiella burneti by real-time PCR method was found. The farm consisted of 1,494 goats and 397 cattle. Serological tests were carried out to give positive results in 15.3% of the cattle and 5.77% of the goats from the whole herd. Breeding selection and the elimination of seropositive animals and double oxytetracycline treatment reduced the proportion of animals with a positive result to 5.53% in cattle and 0.96% in goats. After more than a year the elimination of seropositive animals and probable natural decline in antibody levels has led to the recognition of an outbreak of Q fever to be eliminated. The second positive result of the monitoring of Q fever was found in 2014 in one cow out of seven respondents, but the serological test was not confirmed in the reference, as a specific DNA sequence for Coxiella burneti was not found. The research conducted in sheep in 2015 showed the presence of antibodies against Coxiella burneti in two samples. The results were confirmed by the detection of genetic material of the pathogen by real-time PCR examination in the National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy. Three outbreaks of Q fever revealed in clinical practice related to bovine herds where clinical disturbances were observed in: reproduction, milk production decrease or increase in internal body temperature and symptoms of the respiratory system. The positive ELISA test results were the reason for the elimination of seropositive animals. Moreover, after the disclosure of infection two herds were vaccinated using an inactivated vaccine Coxevac (CEVA), which caused the improvement of production results and relief of clinical symptoms. It is worth mentioning that in two farms along with cattle there were fallow deer supported by staff cowman. Official monitoring tests of Q fever revealed an outbreak of the disease in a herd of goats and cattle, which lead to taking effective action to protect public health because of the zoonotic nature of this infection and epidemiological risk. In the disclosure of these clinical signs in cattle it is advisable to carry out laboratory tests for Q fever.
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