The present study sought to explore the bioremediation of oil-based paint from aqueous media using indigenous bacterial isolate Brevibacillus parabrevis strain NAP3 and its toxicity assessment against prokaryotic and eukaryotic biological models. The bacterial isolate was initially screened for bioremediation potential in mineral salts medium containing oil-based paint (conc. 300 ppm, w/v) under shake flask settings. Moreover, the percentage removal of oil-based paint from aqueous media was investigated using a spectrophotometer at 285 nm under two different experimental conditions, i.e., with and without glucose. Evidently, the bacterial isolate displayed maximum oil-based paint removal of 83% in flasks containing glucose as an additional carbon source after 14 days of the treatment, whereas without glucose supplementation it reached up to 78%. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed noticeable biodegradative changes of the oil-based paint relevant to peaks in the wave number frequency range of 800-600 cm⁻¹, 1,034 to 1,299 cm⁻¹, 1,690 to 1,725 cm⁻¹, 2,857 to 3,000 cm⁻¹, and 3,200 to 3,400 cm⁻¹ (corresponding to C-H, C-O-N, C-O-C, and CH₂ aliphatic stretch and terminal CH₃ bonds, and N-H bonds, respectively, in treated samples as compared to controls; non-inoculated samples). After treatment, the cellfree supernatants containing oil-based paints displayed reduced cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae, phytotoxicity against wild reddish seeds, and antimicrobial activity against selected pathogenic bacteria and fungi, which indicated the possible use of B. parabrevis as potential oil-based paint-degrading bacterium in order to restore paint-polluted environments.
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