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In present paper we supplement and summarize morphological data and taxonomical status of Rodentoxyuris sciuri - a parasite of red squirrel for the first time reported from Poland. Based on molecular data, we made an attempt to find the phylogenetic position of this nematode. Eight individual of squirrels collected from different parts of the city of Wroclaw (Lower Silesia, SW Poland) were subject to standard helminthological dissection. The helminthfauna of Sciurus vulgaris was represented by R. sciuri only, with the prevalence amounting to 100% (all eight individuals were infected) and a mean intensity of infection of 184.13. As a result of sequencing a partial sequence of 18S rDNA was obtained; and the phylogenetic relationships between analyzed species are discussed.
Ticks constitute important vectors of human and animal pathogens. Besides the Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis, other pathogens such as Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, are of increasing public health interest. In Poland, as in other European countries, Ixodes ricinus, the most prevalent tick species responsible for the majority of tick bites in humans, is the main vector of A. phagocytophilum. The aim of the study was to estimate the infection level of I. ricinus with A. phagocytophilum in selected districts, not previously surveyed for the presence of this agent. Sampling of questing ticks was performed in 12 forested sites, located in four districts (Legnica, Milicz, Lubań, and Oława) in SW Poland. Altogether, 792 ticks (151 females, 101 males, and 540 nymphs) representing I. ricinus were checked for the presence of A. phagocytophilum. The average infection level was 4.3%, with higher rate reported for adult ticks. The highest percentage of infected adults was observed in Milicz (17.4%) and the lowest in Oława (6.8%). The abundance of questing I. ricinus in all examined sites as well as the infection with A. phagocytophilum indicate for the first time the risk for HGA transmission in SW Poland.
Background. The aim of this study was isolation and examination of Aspiculuris tetraptera somatic proteins and somatic antigens role in eliciting of immune response in laboratory mice. Material and methods. In our investigation 40 laboratory mice (BALB/c strain) were used. To extract the somatic proteins Tris-HCl buffer with NaCl and Triton X-100 was used. The analysis of somatic antigens was undertaken by Western blotting. Results. The study showed the presence of 14 protein bands ranging from ~ 82 to 28 kDa. Glicoproteins detection revealed 13 bands in range between ~ 70 to 30 kDa. There was no reaction observed with immunoglobulins IgA. Comparision of these results with earlier studies concerning S. obvelata somatic antigens show that there are proteins and glicoproteins with the same molecular weights for both species. It is also observed that S. obvelata somatic extract is more diversed and have higher antigenicity than A. tetraptera. Hence, we may suppose this fact could favour easier colonization of the host by A. tetraptera.
Heterakis spumosa Schneider, 1866 is a typical and widespread parasite of Rattus sp. Recently published reports on its presence in rodents other than rats and house mice (e.g. Apodemus agrarius and A. flavicollis) may suggest acquisition of new host or the existence of two distinct species parasitising within the subfamily Murinae in Europe. The first aim of our study was to examine the taxonomic status of H. spumosa isolated from three host species (Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius and A. flavicollis) by analysing the partial sequence of small subunit (18S) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The second aim was to investigate the pattern of occurrence of H. spumosa within the two species of Apodemus. As a result of partial sequencing of 18S rDNA we obtained three sequences, 977 bp (A. agrarius), 867 bp (A. flavicollis) and 873 bp (Rattus norvegicus) long. Multiple alignment showed that the nucleotide composition of DNA from all the hosts was identical, which may suggest that the nematodes isolated from the three host species are conspecific. Parasitological and statistical analysis of H. spumosa showed a high prevalence of infection and lower degree of nematodes overdispersion in A. agrarius. Comparative analysis of aggregation level in infrapopulations and metapopulations of H. spumosa indicate that A. flavicollis is not typical host for this species. Our results showed that the factor affecting the presence of H. spumosa is the host's age, but we did not observe any influence of the host's sex or collecting season.
The aim of the study was to assess selected methods of storage and preservation of horse faecal samples on the detectability of eggs and survival rate of larvae of strongylid nematodes. Physical and chemical factors were found to have a significant effect on the egg detectability and survival of the larvae. The comparison of control and variously preserved samples revealed that each storage method affected the reliability of the results to some extent. Short-lasting, three-day freezing resulted in a decrease of detectability from 100% to 94.1%, with an equally significant decrease in the mean number of eggs per one gram of faeces, from 1,238.97 to 983.82. Extending the freezing period from 3 to 14 d had a highly significant effect on the prevalence, which was then 85.3%, while the EPG (eggs per gram) value decreased more than twice, compared to control samples, and was 503.68. Thirty-day freezing had no further effect on the parasitological indices, which did not differ significantly from those obtained after a fortnight of freezing. Storing samples in 4% formalin and 40% ethanol had a significantly more negative effect on the detectability of strongylid eggs. The prevalence in alcohol-preserved samples was 91.2% and the EPG was 247.79; the values for formalin-preserved samples were 88.2% and 153.68. The way of preserving faecal samples was also found to affect the viability of strongylid larvae.
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