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No freshwater snails were collected form the study area. The observed range of many physico-chemical factors was within the tolerance levels of the freshwater snails. The differences in the seasonal means of the parameters were not statistically significant. The absence of freshwater snails, including the snail vectors of schistosomiasis, was therefore attributed to the combined effect of the acidic nature of the water bodies and the low topographical terrain of the study area.
The snail vectors were more abundant in stagnant waters. Percentage occurrence of Bulinus globosus (Morelet) was 44.4% in ponds, 44.3% in borrow pits, and 37.5% in lakes, while the occurrence of Bulinus forskali (Ehr.) was 62.3% in borrow pits, 48.1% in ponds, and 40.6% in lakes. Snail reproduction occurred in all months of the year with peaks in June and November and troughs in February and September. Snail density was related to the bottom substratum: 81.9% on mud, 72.2% on concrete, 20.0% on sand and 7.6% on silt. Snail infection with Schistosoma was high between October and December. The medium-sized class was most infected.
Out of the 39 various waterbodies studied, 31 (79,5%) harboured different species of freshwater snails. The six snail species collected were Pila ovata (Olivier), Bulinus forskali (Ehrenberg), B. globosus (Morelet), Lymnaea natalensis Krauss, Segmentorbis angustus (Jickeli) and Lanestes libycus (Morelet). Two snail species, L. natalensis and B. forskali, shed furcocercous and gymnocephalous cercaria respectively. The overall snail infection rate was 7.6%.
Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Krauss) and Bulinus truncatus (Audouin) were infected with schistosome parasites. Infected B. pfeifferi occurred in 5 (11.9%) while infected B. truncatus occurred in 2(4.8%) of the 42 sites surveyed. Snail infection was highest (6.2%) from May to July and lowest (3.0%) from February to April. The number of infected snails increased with density. The snail population peaked in June while the smallest number were collected in March. The seasonality of the snail population was attributed to changes in the rainfall pattern.
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