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In this review article some side-effects of veterinary drugs found by the Center for Veterinary Medicine and Adverse Drug Reaction Subcommittee were discussed. Many such cases were observed in all species of slaughter animals and in dogs and cats. In general, side-effects were noted most often following the usage of anti-parasitic drugs, chemiotherapeutics, surgical narcoleptic preparations and live vaccines.
A combination of colistin with tylosin, antibiotics differing profoundly by their chemical structure but of a complementary antibacterial activity was examined. In the in vitro experiments sensitivity to antibiotics of 102 E. coli isolates and 68 Salmonella spp. isolates was performed. Among E. coli isolates most isolates were resistant to ampicillin (87.2%), apramycin (73.6%) oxytetracycline (71.2%), sulfometoxazole (75.3%) and amoxycillin (43.1%). Among Salmonella spp. the highest number of isolates was resistant to Oxytetracycline (11.7%). It was found that the growth of E. coli and Salmonella isolates was more effectively inhibited by a combination of colistin with tylosin than by colistin alone. This situation is exemplified by a decrease of MIC value of E. coli for colistin + tylosin (range 0.05-0.2 µg/ml) in comparison to the value of MIC for colistin (0.08-0.2 µg/ml). In experimental chicken colibacteriosis both prophylactic and therapeutic use of the combination of colistin with tylosin completely eliminated mortality and lowered morbidity.
There have been done a wide review on the physico-chemical properties of colistin and its antibacterial activity. The antibiotic of peptide nature is very effective against the majority of gram-negative bacterial cells. Colistin is not absorbed from the alimentary tract and therefore it should be given in case of intestine infections caused by E. coli or Salmonella spp instead of sulfamides or tetracyclines (usually not effective). On the other hand chloramphenicol is not allowed to use because of its side effects. Since spiramycin is effective against gram-positive bacteriac and mycoplasms therefore given together with colistin has a wide spectrum of activity. Besides, spiramycin inhibits the process of intestine colonisation by E. coli and colistin kills these bacteriae. According to the data of literature the effectiveness of the two antibiotics administered together has been confirmed in mycoplasmatic infections of the respiratory tract of chickens complicated by pathogenic strains of E. coli. In the studies performed by the authors there was found a high effectiveness of these antibiotics combination in a perihatching period infections (Belcospira orale — Rhone Merieux), in colibacteriosis of piglets and in secondary infections of influenza in horses (Belcospira injectable — Rhone Merieux).
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