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One specimen of Aporocotyle simplex Odhner, 1900 (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) was confirmed in 2004 from the branchial artery of a dab, Limanda limanda (Linnaeus, 1758), from the Gulf of Gdańsk. This work provides a partial description and a few morphological measurements of that specimen. This is the first record of A. simplex from Poland.
A rapid method for preparing semipermanent glycerol-jelly parasite mounts. A rapid method for preparing semipermanent glycerol-jelly mounts of monogeneans, digeneans, nematodes, acanthocephalans, and crustaceans is presented.
Anguillicoloides crassus is a pathogenic nematode of the swim bladders of eel. This nematode was introduced from east Asia to Europe in the early 1980s. In Europe, A. crassus occurred to be a typical invasive species that rapidly attacked cultivated and natural European eel populations. The study material comprised 28, 23, 15, and 7 swim bladders collected from eels during the 2005-2008 period from lakes Żarnowieckie, Ostrzyckie, Raduńskie (Dolne and Górne), and the Vistula River, respectively. Additionally, two dead eels were obtained from Lake Żarnowieckie. The rate of infection in European eels from lakes Żarnowieckie, Ostrzyckie, Raduńskie (Dolne and Górne), and the Vistula River were prevalence 50.0%, mean intensity 3.8; 65.2%, 5.5; 40.0%, 3.0, and 28.6%, 5.0, respectively. Among the 165 nematodes collected, adult females dominated (96 specimens) in comparison to adult males (64), and IV stage larvae (5). The following were found in the two dead eels: 1 adult female, 2 adult males, and 4 adult females, 2 adult males, and 1 third stage larval A. crassus, respectively. This is the first record of A. crassus in the European eels from lakes Żarnowieckie, Ostrzyckie, Raduńskie (Dolne and Górne), and the Vistula River. Consequently, it must be concluded that A. crassus is increasing its range of occurrence in Poland. It is highly probable, however, that the area of occurrence of this nematode in Poland corresponds to the distribution of its final host - the eel.
A total of 2398 fish specimens (1091 Percidae and 1307 Cyprinidae) belonging to 16 species (3 Percidae and 13 Cyprinidae), caught in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon were examined within December 1994-March 1997. The parasites found were identified as belonging to 63 taxa (61 species as well as Diplostomum spp. flukes and glochidia Unionidae gen. sp. which could not be identified to species) of the Microsporea (1), Protozoa (1), Myxozoa (2), Monogenea (10), Digenea (15), Cestoda (11), Nematoda (11), Acanthocephala (5), Hirudinea (1), Mollusca (1), Copepoda (4), and Branchiura (1). The percids and cyprinids were found to support 37 and 40 parasitic taxa, respectively, the taxon-richest parasite fauna occurring in zander, Sander lucioperca (26 taxa), followed by carp bream, Abramis brama, (24), European perch, Perca fluviatilis (24), roach, Rutilus rutilus (19), ruffe, Gymnocelphlus cernuus (15), and Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio (11). The remaining fish species hosted less than 10 parasitic species each. Metacercariae of the genus Diplostomum, found in about 37% of the fish examined, and Tylodelphys clavata, recorded in about 24% of the fish, proved the commonest parasites. The study showed the Vistula Lagoon cyprinid and percid parasite fauna to be dominated by freshwater species, frequencies of their occurrence in the brackishwater lagoon being lower than those in freshwater reservoirs. Frequencies of the 6 marine parasitic species found in the lagoon were, too, lower than those in the sea. It is suggested that some of the parasites (Ancyrocephalus paradoxus, Diplozoon paradoxum of the Monogenea, Diplostomum spp., Tylodelphys clavata of the Digenea, and Achtheres percarum of the Copepoda) prefer brackishwater habitats.
The distribution of the digenean Posthodiplostomum cuticola in cyprinids caught in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon is described. The metacercariae were found to be present in carp bream (Abramis brama), roach (Rutilus rutilus), Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio), white bream (Abramis bjoerkna), ziege (Pelecus cultratus), and common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus). Of the 1287 metacercariae found, 1175 occurred on the body surface, including 780 in the fins, 232 on the scales, and 163 in the skin underneath the scales. The remaining metacercariae occurred in the mouth cavity, gills, and eye sockets. Most of the parasites (1033) were located on the surface of the body below the longitudo caudalis. As is shown by the study, the digenea attack primarily those parts on the fish body that are closest to the bottom. The fins, sites that are more amenable to attachment and subsequently to penetration into the host's tissues, turned out to be the preferred site of the parasite (60.6% of the metacercariae).
The round goby, Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1811) was introduced into southern Baltic waters (including the Vistula Lagoon) from the Black Sea and Sea of Azov in the early 1990s. This study describes the parasites of the round goby in its new environment. In 2004, 486 round goby specimens from the Vistula Lagoon were examined for parasites. The following taxa were identified: Dermocystidium sp.; Protozoa: Trichodina domerguei domerguei (Wallengren, 1897); Digenea: Cryptocotyle concavum (Creplin, 1825), Diplostomum spp., Tylodelphys clavata (Nordmann, 1831), Bunodera luciopercae (M¨uller, 1776); Cestoda: Bothriocephalus scorpii (M¨uller, 1776), Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779), Paradilepis scolecina (Rudolphi, 1819), Proteocephalus filicollis (Rudolphi, 1802), P. gobiorum Dogel et Bychovsky, 1939, Proteocephalus sp.; Nematoda: Anguillicola crassus Kuwahara, Niimi et Itagaki, 1974, Camallanus truncatus (Rudolphi, 1814), Contracaecum spp., Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (Linstow, 1872), Dichelyne minutus (Rudolphi, 1819), Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802); Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchus gadi M¨uller, 1776, Pomphorhynchus laevis (M¨uller, 1776). The parasites found were all local species, already reported from Poland. Except for Dermocystidium sp., C. concavum, P. gobiorum, and D. minutes, they have already been recorded in other fish species in the Vistula Lagoon. The prevalence and mean intensity of infection was low (18.3%; 4.0 indiv. – this value does not include ciliates). The most frequent parasites included H. aduncum (9.9%, 1.2 indiv.) and A. crassus (9.1%, 1.2 indiv.). In addition, Dermocystidium sp., B. luciopercae, E. crassum, P. scolecina, P. filicollis, C. truncatus and C. ephemeridarum are reported from the round goby for the first time. As the fish has only recently appeared in the Vistula Lagoon, its parasitic fauna has not yet developed to the full.
Location of the monogenean Diplozoon paradoxum on the branchial arches of the Vistula Lagoon bream is described. The highest number of parasites was found on the first gill arch, followed by the numbers recorded on the second and third arches; the lowest numbers of the monogenean were typical of the fourth arch. About 70% of the monogeneas were found to dwell on the dorsal part of the branchial arch. It is concluded that the distribution of parasites is controlled by the direction of water flow through the gills as well as the size of the gill arch occupied by the helminths.
Anguillicola crassus is an Asian nematode accidentally introduced to Europe and parasitising the swimbladder of European eels. Planktonic copepods are the major intermediate hosts but the success of this parasites depends on small fishes, acting as paratenic hosts and transmitting the nematode to eels. The role played by cyprinids and percids in the life cycle of A. crassus in the Vistula Lagoon was analysed. A total of 2398 fish specimens (1091 percids and 1307 cyprinids) were examined within December 1994-March 1997. The presence of the nematode was recorded in zander (Sander lucioperca), European perch (Perca fluviatilis), ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), carp bream (Abramis brama), ziege (Pelecus cultratus), and roach (Rutilus rutilus), the ruffe being the most heavily infected fish species. The present findings advance our knowledge on the biology A. crassus and will help to predict its spread to other bodies of water.
Turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a fish belonging to the Pleuronectiformes order. It is commonly observed in waters of the northern Atlantic, and also in the Baltic Sea. As an economically significant species, it is fished on an industrial scale, and also farmed in some European countries. Seventy-two turbots from the Gulf of Gdańsk (26th ICES zone) were examined for parasite presence in the years 2010-2012. The study revealed the presence of the tapeworm Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller, 1776) and acanthocephalan Corynosoma semerme (Forssell, 1904). The overall (both parasites) prevalence of turbot infection was 100% with a mean intensity of 18.7. C. semerme is a parasite which has not been noted so far in turbot from the southern Baltic. The presence of C. semerme in turbot was emphasized in the context of possible infection of terrestrial mammals, including humans.
Demodex ratticola was recorded in the brown rat Rattus norvegicus from northern Poland. It is a skin mite specific to this host, previously recorded only in the Czech Republic. D. ratticola was found at a prevalence 65.0% and mean intensity 12.7 in skin samples taken from the regions of lips, nose and chin. Furthermore, three other species from the family of Demodecidae were recorded, including Demodex nanus found in skin samples from different parts of the body and characterised by the highest parameters of infestation (100.0%, 25.2), D. ratti (50.0%, 3.3) found in the head skin and D. norvegicus (30.0%, 3.5) found in the genital and anal regions. The identified demodectic mites did not cause any pathological symptoms in rats.
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