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The mucosa of the uterine cervix is normally devoid of melanocytes; therefore, melanin-containing lesions are very rare in this site. A new case of a common blue nevus in the cervix of a 57-year-old woman is reported. The lesion was an incidental finding in a total hysterectomy specimen performed for atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Gross and histological examination revealed minute dark macula on the mucosa of the posterior aspect of the endocervical canal, composed of loose conglomerates of spindle-shaped and dendritic cells located superficially within the stroma, containing multiple brownish granules, which exhibited positive immunostaining for HMB45 and melan A. Although the blue nevi seem to be lesions of low clinical significance, they require careful differential diagnosis with malignant melanoma, especially in scanty endocervical curettage or cervical biopsy specimens. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 1: 62–64)
Sebaceous glands have been extremely rare findings in the female genital system. Excluding the vulva and recent findings, very few cases have been described. The origin of the lesions remains a topic of speculation. However, it appears that prolonged irritation induces a metaplastic response in the ectocervical epithelium. A new case of sebaceous glands in the ectocervix of a 46-year-old woman is reported. The lesions were unexpectedly found in a hysterectomy specimen. The procedure was carried out for multiple leiomyomas of the uterine corpus. Histological examination revealed three mature sebaceous glands located distally to the transformation zone, which opened directly onto the surface epithelium. It could be concluded that sebaceous glands in the ectocervix are rare lesions of unclear origin and low clinical significance. However, the glands could potentially be associated with sebaceous carcinoma of that anatomical site. (Folia Morphol 2009; 68, 4: 287–289)
A case of accessory spleen located in the tail of the pancreas in a stillbirth male foetus is reported. The congenital anomaly was revealed at autopsy. The intrapancreatic spleen was well demarcated and was composed of red and white pulp; however, same pancreatic ducts were intermingled with the splenic parenchyma. As well as the intrapancreatic lesion another minute accessory spleen was also found at the hilum of the proper organ. Since a lack of morphological features of trisomy 13 syndrome were found in the foetus, the ectopic spleens were regarded as incidental findings. (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 1: 45–47)
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Hobnail hemangioma of the skin in a juvenile patient

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Hobnail hemangioma is a rare, benign, vascular lesion with peculiar but commonly misleading morphology, located mostly on the extremities or trunk, and affects young and middle-aged adults with a slightly male predominance. A new typical case in a 17-year-old girl is presented. A single, small, painless skin lesion appeared in an early childhood on the lateral part of the right thigh, and was linked with scratching a previous pigmented lesion. Microscopic examination of the completely removed lesion revealed typical morphology. Prominent endothelial cells were podoplanin-negative and CD34-positive. There was no recurrence after four years follow-up.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a prolonged administration of two natural compounds – resveratrol (20 ppm) and protocatechuic acid (2000 ppm) – on the health status of Wistar rats. The animals were kept on supplemented diets for 7 and 24 weeks. Body weight was assessed weekly, and liver weight during autopsy. Liver morphology was evaluated histologically. The body weight in the 24th week, body weight gain (between the 1st and the 24th week of the experiment), and liver weight were significantly higher for the animals kept on the diet including resveratrol throughout the experiment than for those that had received this diet during the initial 7 weeks. However, differences in these parameters, as well as in the relative liver weight, between the control group and the groups exposed to both compounds were insignificant. Occasionally, mild, mostly reversible, microscopic hepatic changes (i.e., hydropic and fatty changes) were found, and these were slightly more common in the groups kept on supplemented diets. It seems that resveratrol and protocatechuic acid did not significantly disturb the wellness of rats, even after prolonged exposure.
To compare Color Doppler sonography with immunohistochemical microvessel density and Bcl-2 assessement in women with benign and malignant adnexal tumors we examined 112 women with adnexal tumors with the use color Doppler sonography (B&K 2002 ADI and GE Voluson 730 scanners) performed before the surgical procedure. Histological type, grading, FIGO stage and menopausal status were compared with MVD and Bcl-2 expression assessed with immunohistochemistry on parafín embedded tumor specimens. Results: Sixty-seven tumors were benign and 45 tumors were malignant. The mean age of the studied women was 40,4 years; ±SD, 11,5 years. Color Doppler sonography revealed that in most malignant tumors there was a low resistance to flow (mean PI= 0,56, SD=0,36). Benign tumors also had higher pulsatility indices than malignant tumors (PI=1,21 and SD=0,48; p=0,02, Mann-Whitney U-test). Also, there was a statistically significant difference between MVD in benign and malignant tumors (Mann-Whitney U test, PO.OO 1). No significant difference in the percentage of Bcl-2 stained cells in both malignant and benign tumor samples was found. Conclusion: Microvessel density assessed with CD-34 and color Doppler blood flow assessement are useful in ovarian tumors vascularity studies. Bcl-2 expression is probably not a useful marker of angiogenic tumor character.
The aim of the present study was to assess the possible correlation of p53 with CEA and Ca 19-9 serum levels as well as with selected clinicopathological data. 46 patients, who were gastrectomized due to gastric cancer between 1998 and 2001, were analyzed. The concentration of CEA and Ca 19.9 was estimated in serum. Mean percentage of p53-positive cells in present group was 33,69 %. The comparison of mean percentage of p53-positive cells with IHC reaction intensity revealed statistically significant, directly proportional correlation, with p<0,001. Mean CEA and Ca 19-9 serum concentration were 1,75± 1,71 ng/ml, and 17,34±44,73 U/ml respectively. No significant correlation between p53-expression, CEA and Cal9-9 was noted respecting several clinicopathological data of tumors. However clear trend of higher CEA and Cal9-9 values in groups of potentially worse prognosis (T3-T4; Nl-2; III grade of disease) was observed.
The aim of the study was the retrospective morphological analysis of selected structures of the middle cranial fossa, i.e. foramen ovale and superior orbital fissure, in relation to the external head and cranial diameters in adults from the Lublin region (Poland). The study was performed on data collected during computed tomography examinations of 60 individuals (age 20–30 years), without any cranial or brain abnormalities. Based on the post-processing reconstructions, 3-dimensional views of the skull and head were obtained. The length and width of both structures, as well as thickness of the frontal, temporal, and occipital squamae, were measured. The morphology of the ovale foramina and superior orbital fissures were checked. The length and width of the skull and head were the only parameters that significantly differed between males and females. The thickness of the frontal and temporal squama was insignificantly lower in males than in females. Almond and oval shapes were the most typical for the foramen ovale. The superior orbital fissure was found as a wide form — with or without accessory spine originating from its lower margin or as a laterally narrowed form. The length and width of the foramen ovale were insignificantly higher in males than in females. The same results were found for the area of the right superior orbital fissure. The thickness of the frontal and occipital squamae influenced the thickness of the temporal squama. The analysed individuals had asymmetrical, oval, or almond-shape ovale foramina. Unlike the seldom visible laterally narrowed form of the superior orbital fissure, a wide form with or without accessory spine was the most commonly observed. The diameters of both superior orbital fissures and ovale foramina indicated the asymmetry of the neurocranium. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 4: 263–271)
Cathepsin D is a cysteine endopeptidase that belongs to the lysosomal enzyme family. The aim of the study was to evaluate the enzyme immunoexpression and activity in selected male genital organs in mature Wistar rats. The activity of cathepsin D was measured spectrophotometrically in homogenates of the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed in the ductus deferens. Enzyme activity was found in the following sequence: testis>epididymis>dorsal prostatic lobe>seminal vesicle>lateral prostatic lobe>ventral prostatic lobe. Although there were differences in enzyme activity between various organs of the male reproductive system, cathepsin D immunoreactivity was seen exclusively in the Sertoli and Leydig cells in the testis.
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