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The evolutionary importance of natural interspecific hybridisation is still an issue of debate. The application of molecular tools in population genetic studies unraveled that hybridization is more frequent than prevoiusly expected. It seems that 6-25% species hybridize, within both plants and animals, although the numbers given may represent substantial underestimate. It is still not resolved how many species is of hybrid origin. Due to the widespread of hybridization discovered, questions on its importance for ecology, evolution and conservation of species have to be re-examined. The controversy whether the hybrids are fit or unfit relative to their parents seems to be of major ecological importance. On the other hand, it has been proven that hybridization enhances speciation and diversification of species. The are two issues critical for the success and importance of hybridization: 1) the stability of genetical architecture after mixing of gene pools of the two different species, 2) the interplay between hybrid phenotype and environmental conditions. The hybridization may facilitate speciation due to transgressive segregation, increased phenotypic variation or phenotypic plasticity. Broad range of phenotypes allows natural selection to play upon it, and makes it more feasible to pick-up the most fit ones. Thus hybridization may be important mechanism for colonization of new environments, creating new ecological niches, or fastening evolutionary changes.
Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray) was recorded from seven of 24 examined lakes of the Wigry National Park and from the river Kamionka. The snail had not been previously recorded from the lakes: Staw Wigierski, Pierty, Czarne Huciańskie and Koleoene. P. antipodarum inhabits waters of varied character (rivers, lakes of different morphometry and trophy). Its spread in the Park results probably from transport by birds and humans, and to a lesser degree by water currents.
The occurrence of the snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray) in the waters of the Wigry National Park was studied, and the factors, affecting its distribution and dispersal, were analysed in 1997 -1998. P. antipodarum was recorded from 7 out of the 24 examined water bodies of the Park and from the river Kamionka. The snail occurred in bottom deposits, on submerged and emerged macrophytes and in mats of filamentous algae in the lake Wigry, and clearly dominated in its malacofauna. In the remaining lakes, where it was present, it was not abundant. Active dispersal is not sufficient to explain the distribution of P. antipodarum in the lake Wigry. Its dispersal is probably a result of passive introduction by animals and humans, and to a lesser extent by water currents. An increased chlorophyll concentration in the pelagial has a positive effect on the occurrence of P. antipodarum. In much polluted habitats the vertical distribution and density of the species are limited. Significance of the trophy of water for the occurrence of P. antipodarum in the area is still unclear.
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