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A dynamic habitat and population model has been developed and applied to the tailwater below Glen Canyon Dam to estimate the dam operation’s effects on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) habitat and population dynamics. Water depth, flow temperature, flow velocity, and substrate types were used as the suitability parameters and to evaluate these indicators. Historic hydraulic data from 1991 to 2009 were analyzed to determine the minimum, mean, and maximum flow rates that were used to represent the habitat suitability index (HSI) and overall suitability index (OSI) of the rainbow trout fry, adult, and spawning life stages, respectively. Fish abundance and the simulation results were also compared with observed fish numbers. Results indicated that under the historic dam operation, the habitat suitability level in the Colorado River was not suitable for fry and spawning rainbow trout, but very suitable for adult rainbow trout. It is indicated that high HSI levels do not mean high fish abundance. It can also be seen that overall rainbow trout abundance decreased during the period 1991 to 2009.
This study addresses the removal of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions using solidified landfilled sewage sludge and its modified products as adsorbents. After the sludge was characterized using instrumental techniques (SEM, FTIR, and TG-DTA), adsorption studies were performed in a batch system, and the effects of various experimental parameters were evaluated upon CV adsorption. The results revealed that more irregular pores, higher surface roughness, and a greater content of oxygen functional groups formed in adsorbents derived from direct incineration (SC). Batch experiments revealed that stirring intension had the least effect on CV adsorption. With increasing adsorbent dosage, the CV removal efficiency increased, but the opposite result was observed for the effect of particle size. CV adsorption onto the three adsorbents was a rapid adsorption process and that onto SC was the most rapid, with the first-order kinetic model best describing the adsorption. The equilibrium data fit the Landgmiur isotherm models best, whereas much higher CV adsorption capacity and better adsorption strength onto SC were found. Desorption studies showed that acid solution was beneficial to the desorption process and the desorption rate of acetic acid reached up to about 55%. Those results proved that the solidified landfilled sewage sludge previously modified by incineration treatment was an effective adsorbent for CV removal from aqueous solution.
Aiming at the non-linearity of state equation and observation equation of SSP (Siemen Schottel Propulsor) propulsion motor, an improved particle filter algorithm based on strong tracking extent Kalman filter (ST-EKF) was presented, and it was imported into the marine SSP propulsion motor control system. The strong tracking filter was used to update particles in the new algorithm and produce importance densities. As a result, the problems of particle degeneracy and sample impoverishment were ameliorated, the propulsion motor states and the rotor resistance were estimated simultaneously using strong track filter (STF), and the tracking ability of marine SSP propulsion motor control system was improved. Simulation result shown that the improved EPF algorithm was not only improving the prediction accuracy of the motor states and the rotor resistance, but also it can satisfy the requirement of navigation in harbor. It had the better accuracy than EPF algorithm
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