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Differential selection of North American and Scandinavian conifer browse by northwestern moose (Alces alces andersoni) in winter

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Rea R. V., Hjeljord O., Harkonen S.

Acta Theriologica

2014

tom 59

nr 2

Scandinavian moose (Alces alces) eat Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in winter. Although North American moose are known to eat conifers such as true firs (Abies spp.) in winter, substantial consumption of pine by moose in North America has not been documented. Here, we document short-term winter preferences of human-habituated northwestern moose (Alces alces andersoni) for branches of mature North American and European conifer species as determined by a cafeteria-style feeding trial. Moose selected for species such as Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii; from which they took the smallest bite diameters) while avoiding species such as lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta; from which they took the largest bites) and hybrid white spruce (Picea glauca × engelmanii). The amount of species-specific biomass consumed by moose was negatively correlated with bite diameters taken from branches of those species and did not appear to be significantly influenced by differences in twig morphology between species. Our trial suggests that northwestern moose readily consume conifers in winter and, from the species we tested, prefer Douglas fir. While no clear preference existed between Scots pine and lodgepole pine, moose avoided lodgepole pine, but not Scots pine, relative to Douglas fir. Our trial suggests that northwestern moose are more likely to feed on the branches of Douglas fir than pine, which may be of interest to foresters managing conifers within the North American range of moose, particularly where Scots pine are being considered for planting.

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Wzorce czasowe kolizji łosi z pociągami na terenie Kolumbii Brytyjskiej i ich wpływ na metody zapobiegające takim zdarzeniom

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Jasinska K. D., Bijak S., Child K. N., Rea R. V.

Sylwan

2020

tom 164

nr 01

Where train tracks bisect moose habitat, trains may collide with moose, impacting the local population and creating a safety concern for rail traffic. Understanding the patterns underlying these collisions, is critical for helping managers choose the right mitigation methods to reduce mortality on railways. Our objective was to analyze the long−term temporal patterns of moose−train collisions. We used data on moose−train collisions from British Columbia (Canada) obtained from Canadian National Railways and British Columbia Rail Corporation. We analysed data from collision events that occurred between 1990 and 2010, excluding 1995−1996 for which there were no data. A total number of days, when moose−train collisions occurred (LD), and a total number of moose killed from collisions (LK) were calculated in annual, seasonal and monthly resolutions. We also investigated distribution of these data for day of the week. We used chi² and Mann−Kendall tests to investigate whether LD or LK changed over time and Pearson correlation coefficient to relate these trends to the annual moose harvest in the analysed period. The number of days in which moose−train collisions occurred varied by year and by time of year. LD occurred most often in winter and least often in summer, with the highest number being recorded in February and the lowest in July. There were no significant differences in the number of moose−train collisions on various days of the week. We found no significant trends in LD for seasons, months (except for November) and weekdays for the period under investigation. In general, LK revealed a temporal pattern as LD, however number of killed moose was significantly lower on Fridays and Saturdays comparing to other week days. Because moose−train collision patterns did not change significantly between years, we assume that the temporal patterns exhibited in our study likely hold true from year to year and can be used to inform managers considering mitigation measures aimed at reducing moose−train collisions.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Theriologica

1 Sylwan

2 Rea R. V.

1 Bijak S.

1 Child K. N.

1 Harkonen S.

1 Hjeljord O.

1 Jasinska K. D.

1 2020

1 2014

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Differential selection of North American and Scandinavian conifer browse by northwestern moose (Alces alces andersoni) in winter

Wzorce czasowe kolizji łosi z pociągami na terenie Kolumbii Brytyjskiej i ich wpływ na metody zapobiegające takim zdarzeniom