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The aim of the work was the early detection of Candida spp. in clinical samples of patients with carcinoma ovariorum undergoing chemotherapy by comparing three indicators of candidiasis: presence of mannan and yeast DNA in the bloodstream and colonization of mucosal membranes by Candida species as a prognostic marker of deep candidiasis. Thirty-one women with carcinoma ovariorum, during chemotherapy without symptoms of deep fungal infections, were examined twice over a six-day period. C. albicans was the dominant organism isolated from mucosal membranes. Two serum samples were positive for mannan on the first day of examination. All these patients were previously colonized by Candida spp. on mucous membranes. Four patients were positive on the last day of examination. Three of these patients were colonized by Candida spp. C. albicans infection was detected early in 4 out of 12 clinical samples by a combination of PCR and mannan-detecting methods. Colonization increases the risk of deep candidiasis. PCR and antigen detection are fast and reliable methods for early detection of Candida in bloodstream. For patients at risk, the clinical samples must be tested by at least two independent methods.
The accessory spleen is a common congenital anomaly, typically asymptomatic and harmless to the patient. However, in some clinical cases, this anomaly becomes significant as it can be mistaken for a tumour or lymph node and be missed during a therapeutic splenectomy. There are nuclear medicine modalities which can be applied in the identification and localisation of an accessory spleen. They include scintigraphy with radiolabelled colloids or heat damaged red blood cells, which are trapped in the splenic tissue. Modern techniques, including hybrid imaging, enable simultaneous structure and tracer distribution evaluations. Additionally, radiation-guided surgery can be used in cases where the accessory spleen, which is usually small (not exceeding 1 cm) and difficult to find among other tissues, has to be removed. In the study, we would like to present 2 cases of patients in which the malignancy had to be excluded for the reason that the multiple accessory spleens were very closely related to the pancreas. There was a lack of certainty in the multi-phase computed tomography (CT) evaluation; however, this situation was clearly resolved by using the ⁹⁹ᵐTc-stannous colloid single photon emission computed tomography/ CT study. We would also like to briefly analyse the clinical applications of nuclear medicine in case of an accessory spleen. (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 4: 532–539)
The aim of the study was the retrospective morphological analysis of selected structures of the middle cranial fossa, i.e. foramen ovale and superior orbital fissure, in relation to the external head and cranial diameters in adults from the Lublin region (Poland). The study was performed on data collected during computed tomography examinations of 60 individuals (age 20–30 years), without any cranial or brain abnormalities. Based on the post-processing reconstructions, 3-dimensional views of the skull and head were obtained. The length and width of both structures, as well as thickness of the frontal, temporal, and occipital squamae, were measured. The morphology of the ovale foramina and superior orbital fissures were checked. The length and width of the skull and head were the only parameters that significantly differed between males and females. The thickness of the frontal and temporal squama was insignificantly lower in males than in females. Almond and oval shapes were the most typical for the foramen ovale. The superior orbital fissure was found as a wide form — with or without accessory spine originating from its lower margin or as a laterally narrowed form. The length and width of the foramen ovale were insignificantly higher in males than in females. The same results were found for the area of the right superior orbital fissure. The thickness of the frontal and occipital squamae influenced the thickness of the temporal squama. The analysed individuals had asymmetrical, oval, or almond-shape ovale foramina. Unlike the seldom visible laterally narrowed form of the superior orbital fissure, a wide form with or without accessory spine was the most commonly observed. The diameters of both superior orbital fissures and ovale foramina indicated the asymmetry of the neurocranium. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 4: 263–271)
The inguinal urinary bladder hernia is a rare pathology observed mostly in males. A new case of asymptomatic reducible acquired inguinal hernia was revealed in a 54-year-old male during computed tomography (CT) undertaken for oncological follow-up. The right nephrectomy was previously performed due to clear cell carcinoma. The hernia was not visible on the CT 6 months before and on ultrasound performed after voiding. Slight herniation with a wide invagination of transversalis fascia but with empty bladder was seen on CT 4 months after the initial detection of hernia. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 4: 500–503)
Modifying effect of Solcoseryl upon the late postirradiation damage of the lungs expressed as the number of apoptotic cells per 1mm² of the pulmonary tissue was investigated in rats. The number of labelled apoptotic cells in situ was determined by TUNEL method under light microscope connected to computer imaging (Lucia software). The results of the experiment demonstrated statistically significant reduction in the number of apoptotic cells in the pulmonary tissue in the group of rats irradiated with simultaneous administration of Solcoseryl in comparison to the group of animals irradiated without Solcoseryl treatment. The results indicate that Solcoseryl exhibits radioprotective activity upon the respiratory epithelium due to the reduction of the apoptotic cell number.
The aim of the study was to present the classification of anatomical variants of the operated stomach, based on radiological and historical data. Different anatomical variants of the operated organ were found in 431 out of 2034 patients examined in the years 2006–2010. Four main groups were established: abnormal position along longitudinal (I) and horizontal axis (II), as well as abnormal shape (III) and stomach connections (IV). An additional group (V) encloses mixed forms that combine features of two or more of the main groups. The first group contains the partial and total translocation of the stomach into the thoracic cavity after the partial or total oesophagectomy. Depending on the applied surgical techniques used during the total oesophagectomy, the stomach could be located anteriorly or posteriorly to the pericardial sac. An elongated and gastrectatic form often with signs of pylorostenosis is visible in patients treated by vagotomy. The consequences of fundoplication included: lack of or narrow cardiac angle, and often a mild form of stomach cascade. The most common abnormal shape of the stomach was secondary to gastrectomy and gastric bending. The final organ shape depends on the type of applied surgical procedure that maintains physiological connection with the duodenum or an un-anatomical one, mostly with the jejunal loop. In banding, the body of the stomach forms an hourglass at the level of the artificial adjustable band, typically applied in surgical treatment of obesity (slim surgery). (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 3: 129–135)
The modifying influence of Lydium KLP upon the early postirradiation reaction in rats was studied. The effects of Lydium KLP upon the intensity of irradiation reaction was monitored in morphological examinations of the trachea and lung tissue and concentrations of chosen blood plasma proinflammatory cytokines. The experiment was carried out on four groups of Wistar rats: (1) not irradiated (control), (2) administered with Lydium KLP, (3) irradiated and (4) irradiated with Lydium KLP administration. After three months the animals were sacrificed and histopathological examinations of the trachea and lung sections were performed. The concentrations of TNFa, IL-6 chemotactic factor MIP-2 were determined with commercial kits. It was found that postirradiation reduced the damage of the trachea and lung tissue in the group of rats irradiated with simultaneous administration of Lydium KLP. However, the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in the group of rats irradiated with simultaneous administration of Lydium KLP were higher in comparison to the group irradiated, not treated with Lydium KLP.
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