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Nonfluorescent pseudomonads have been studied by estimating their numbers in different soils and hortical substrates as well as some physiological properties and antagonistic relationships between them and fluorescent pseudomonads and actinomycetes. Nonfluorescent pseudomonads, depending on the studied soil or substrate, constituted 7-10% of the total number of bacteria from genus Pseudomonas, and the dominant among them were pectinolytic psychrotrophs. Antagonism of nonfluorescent pseudomonads was less frequent and less intense than that of fluorescent pseudomonads as counter-partners. On the other hand, in the system of interrelationships with actinomycetes, the antagonism of nonfluorescent pseudomonads was relatively more frequent, though its intensity was lower.
In soil - incubation experiments the action of the fungicides Impact Super and Mirage on soil microorganisms at the temperature of 10°C and 25°C has been studied. Irrespective of the applied fungicide and temperature, the reduction of fungi occurrence was accompanied by proliferation of copiotrophic bacteria, especially of fluorescent pseudomonads. The changes in the number of copiotrophic bacteria caused no increase in the soil bacterial community as a whole. Qualitative differences in the action of temperature on the response to a fungicide were found in the case of bacteria defined as chlorocycline-resistant, which proliferated only at 25°C, as well as in the case of soil respiration activity, which intensified or became weaker depending on the type of fungicide. Moreover, it has been shown that the application of fungicides also affected percentage of forms adapted to growth at low temperatures in fungal and bacterial communities. The arrangement of the experiments permitted also to compare the survival rate of the examined groups of microorganisms under the lack of fresh organic matter inflow.
The inhibition of 23 strains of actinomycetes by 7 strains of fluorescent pseudomonads and vice versa, on 4 different media, was examined. The antagonism of pseudomonads was more frequent and more intense than that of actinomycetes. Inhibition was observed in pseudomonads and actinomycetes of both kinds of strains, antagonistic and non-antagonistic to Fusarium oxysporum. Some media were more favorable to the an-tagonism of pseudomonads and others to that of actinomycetes, hence in identical environmental conditions mutual antagonism between the two counter-partners occurred only rarely.
In soil incubation experiments, some fungicides were found to be toxic to the nearly total fungal community, whereas others did not diminish its size. The reduction of fungi occurence always resulted in proliferation of copiotrophic typical bacteria with selection of fluorescent Pseudomonas. On the other hand, actinomycetes never responded positively to fungicides. Those effects were accompanied by a reduction of soil bacteria community as a whole. The increase instead of that reduction occured in the case when no reaction of fungi (and therefore copiotrophic bacteria) was noted. The reasons of such differentiated response of microorganisms are also discussed in this paper.
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